正如Xcode8beta6发行说明中所述，
Swift定义的错误类型可以通过采用新的LocalizedError协议来提供本地化的错误描述。
在您的情况下：

public enum MyError: Error {
    case customError
}

extension MyError: LocalizedError {
    public var errorDescription: String? {
        switch self {
        case .customError:
            return NSLocalizedString("A user-friendly description of the error.", comment: "My error")
        }
    }
}

let error: Error = MyError.customError
print(error.localizedDescription) // A user-friendly description of the error.

如果错误被转换为NSError（这总是可能的），您可以提供更多的信息：

extension MyError : LocalizedError {
    public var errorDescription: String? {
        switch self {
        case .customError:
            return NSLocalizedString("I failed.", comment: "")
        }
    }
    public var failureReason: String? {
        switch self {
        case .customError:
            return NSLocalizedString("I don't know why.", comment: "")
        }
    }
    public var recoverySuggestion: String? {
        switch self {
        case .customError:
            return NSLocalizedString("Switch it off and on again.", comment: "")
        }
    }
}

let error = MyError.customError as NSError
print(error.localizedDescription)        // I failed.
print(error.localizedFailureReason)      // Optional("I don\'t know why.")
print(error.localizedRecoverySuggestion) // Optional("Switch it off and on again.")

通过采用CustomNSError协议，错误可以提供一个userInfo字典（以及一个domain和code）。例如：

extension MyError: CustomNSError {

    public static var errorDomain: String {
        return "myDomain"
    }

    public var errorCode: Int {
        switch self {
        case .customError:
            return 999
        }
    }

    public var errorUserInfo: [String : Any] {
        switch self {
        case .customError:
            return [ "line": 13]
        }
    }
}

let error = MyError.customError as NSError

if let line = error.userInfo["line"] as? Int {
    print("Error in line", line) // Error in line 13
}

print(error.code) // 999
print(error.domain) // myDomain

我还要补充一点，如果你的错误有这样的参数

enum NetworkError: LocalizedError {
  case responseStatusError(status: Int, message: String)
}

您可以在本地化描述中调用这些参数，如下所示：

extension NetworkError {
  public var errorDescription: String? {
    switch self {
    case .responseStatusError(status: let status, message: let message):
      return "Error with status \(status) and message \(message) was thrown"
  }
}

您甚至可以将其缩短为：

extension NetworkError {
  public var errorDescription: String? {
    switch self {
    case let .responseStatusError(status, message):
      return "Error with status \(status) and message \(message) was thrown"
  }
}

现在有两个错误采用协议，你的错误类型可以采用这两个协议来为Objective-C - LocalizedError和CustomNSError提供额外的信息。下面是一个同时采用这两个协议的错误示例：

enum MyBetterError : CustomNSError, LocalizedError {
    case oops

    // domain
    static var errorDomain : String { return "MyDomain" }
    // code
    var errorCode : Int { return -666 }
    // userInfo
    var errorUserInfo: [String : Any] { return ["Hey":"Ho"] };

    // localizedDescription
    var errorDescription: String? { return "This sucks" }
    // localizedFailureReason
    var failureReason: String? { return "Because it sucks" }
    // localizedRecoverySuggestion
    var recoverySuggestion: String? { return "Give up" }

}

使用struct也是一种选择。

import Foundation

struct MyError: LocalizedError, Equatable {

   private var description: String!

   init(description: String) {
       self.description = description
   }

   var errorDescription: String? {
       return description
   }

   public static func ==(lhs: MyError, rhs: MyError) -> Bool {
       return lhs.description == rhs.description
   }
}

extension MyError {

   static let noConnection = MyError(description: NSLocalizedString("No internet connection",comment: ""))
   static let requestFailed = MyError(description: NSLocalizedString("Request failed",comment: ""))
}

func throwNoConnectionError() throws {
   throw MyError.noConnection
}

do {
   try throwNoConnectionError()
}
catch let myError as MyError {
   switch myError {
   case .noConnection:
       print("noConnection: \(myError.localizedDescription)")
   case .requestFailed:
       print("requestFailed: \(myError.localizedDescription)")
   default:
      print("default: \(myError.localizedDescription)")
   }
}

这一条对我很有效：

NSError(domain: "com.your", code: 0, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Error description"])

下面是更优雅的解决方案：

enum ApiError: String, LocalizedError {

    case invalidCredentials = "Invalid credentials"
    case noConnection = "No connection"

    var localizedDescription: String { return NSLocalizedString(self.rawValue, comment: "") }

  }

enum NetworkError: LocalizedError {
    case noConnection

    public var description: String {
    ///You can switch self here if you have multiple cases.
        return "No internet connection"
    }

    // You need to implement `errorDescription`, not `localizedDescription`.
    public var errorDescription: String? {
        return description
    }
}