下面的作品在我这边（Linux消费计划）：

trigger:
- none

variables:
  # Azure Resource Manager connection created during pipeline creation
  azureSubscription: 'xxx'
  resourceGroupName: 'xxx'
  # Function app name
  functionAppName: 'xxx'
  # Agent VM image name
  vmImageName: 'ubuntu-latest'

  # Working Directory
  workingDirectory: ''

  storage_str: 'xxx'

stages:
- stage: Build
  displayName: Build stage

  jobs:
  - job: Build
    displayName: Build
    pool:
      vmImage: $(vmImageName)

    steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
      displayName: 'Use Python 3.9'
      inputs:
        versionSpec: 3.9 # Functions V2 supports Python 3.6 as of today
        architecture: 'x64'

    - bash: |
        pip install --target="./.python_packages/lib/site-packages" -r ./requirements.txt
      workingDirectory: $(workingDirectory)
      displayName: 'Install application dependencies'

    - task: ArchiveFiles@2
      displayName: 'Archive files'
      inputs:
        rootFolderOrFile: "$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)"
        includeRootFolder: false
        archiveType: zip
        archiveFile: "$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/$(Build.BuildId).zip"
        replaceExistingArchive: true

    - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
      inputs:
        PathtoPublish: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/$(Build.BuildId).zip'
        artifactName: 'drop'
        
- stage: Deploy
  displayName: Deploy stage
  dependsOn: Build
  condition: succeeded()

  jobs:
  - deployment: Deploy
    displayName: Deploy
    environment: 'test'
    pool:
      vmImage: 'windows-latest'

    strategy:
      runOnce:
        deploy:
          steps:
          - task: DownloadPipelineArtifact@2
            displayName: 'Download Pipeline Artifact'
            inputs:
              buildType: 'current'
              artifactName: 'drop'
              targetPath: '$(Pipeline.Workspace)/drop/'
          - task: AzureAppServiceSettings@1
            inputs:
              azureSubscription: '$(azureSubscription)'
              appName: '$(functionAppName)'
              resourceGroupName: '$(resourceGroupName)'
              appSettings: |
                [
                  {
                    "name": "AzureWebJobsStorage",
                    "value": "$(storage_str)",
                    "slotSetting": false
                  }
                ]
          - task: AzureFunctionApp@1
            inputs:
              azureSubscription: '$(azureSubscription)'
              appType: 'functionAppLinux'
              appName: '$(functionAppName)'
              package: '$(Pipeline.Workspace)/drop/$(Build.BuildId).zip'
              runtimeStack: 'PYTHON|3.9'

您可以通过使用用户分配的标识来解决此问题。
请尝试添加此应用设置：

WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE_BLOB_MI_RESOURCE_ID = Managed_Identity_Resource_Id

来源：https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/run-functions-from-deployment-package#fetch-a-package-from-azure-blob-storage-using-a-managed-identity