我确信有一个更优雅的解决方案，但是如果我理解您的问题，即希望行的order_id或product_id在DB中出现不止一次，那么我相信这是可行的：

**EDIT：**如果您需要它们在列表中都有多个项目，那么我只需要将它们单独连接到一个子查询中，如下所示：

SELECT t1.order_id, t1.product_id
FROM order_items  t1
INNER JOIN (
        SELECT ORDER_ID from order_items  group by ORDER_ID having count(*) > 1) t2 
    ON t1.order_id = t2.order_id
INNER JOIN (
        SELECT PRODUCT_ID from order_items  group by PRODUCT_ID having count(*) > 1) t3 
    ON t1.product_id = t3.product_id
ORDER BY order_id

在这里，两个窗口聚合可能工作得最好™：

WITH CTE AS(
    SELECT order_id,
           product_id,
           COUNT(1) OVER (PARTITION BY order_id) AS orders,
           COUNT(1) OVER (PARTITION BY product_id) AS products
    FROM dbo.YourTable)
SELECT order_id,
       product_id
FROM CTE
WHERE orders > 1
  AND products > 1;

in关键字可以使查询更简单，但我不确定性能...

select order_id, product_id from order_items
where order_id not in (
  select order_id from order_items group by order_id having count(*) = 1
) and product_id not in (
  select product_id from order_items group by product_id having count(*) = 1
);