序列化和反序列化.NET对象的最快方法

col17t5w  于 2023-01-03  发布在  .NET
关注(0)|答案(9)|浏览(257)

我正在寻找最快的方法来序列化和反序列化.NET对象。以下是我目前所拥有的方法：

public class TD
{
    public List<CT> CTs { get; set; }
    public List<TE> TEs { get; set; }
    public string Code { get; set; }
    public string Message { get; set; }
    public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }
    public DateTime EndDate { get; set; }

    public static string Serialize(List<TD> tData)
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<TD>));

        TextWriter writer = new StringWriter();
        serializer.Serialize(writer, tData);

        return writer.ToString();
    }

    public static List<TD> Deserialize(string tData)
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<TD>));

        TextReader reader = new StringReader(tData);

        return (List<TD>)serializer.Deserialize(reader);
    }        
}
.net

9条答案

按热度按时间
ghhaqwfi

ghhaqwfi1#

下面是使用protobuf-net的模型（使用发明的CT和TE）（还保留使用XmlSerializer的能力，这可能很有用-特别是对于迁移）;我谦卑地承认（如果您需要的话，可以提供大量证据），这是. NET中最快的（或者肯定是最快的）通用序列化器。
如果你需要字符串，只需用base-64编码二进制。

[XmlType]
public class CT {
    [XmlElement(Order = 1)]
    public int Foo { get; set; }
}
[XmlType]
public class TE {
    [XmlElement(Order = 1)]
    public int Bar { get; set; }
}
[XmlType]
public class TD {
    [XmlElement(Order=1)]
    public List<CT> CTs { get; set; }
    [XmlElement(Order=2)]
    public List<TE> TEs { get; set; }
    [XmlElement(Order = 3)]
    public string Code { get; set; }
    [XmlElement(Order = 4)]
    public string Message { get; set; }
    [XmlElement(Order = 5)]
    public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }
    [XmlElement(Order = 6)]
    public DateTime EndDate { get; set; }

    public static byte[] Serialize(List<TD> tData) {
        using (var ms = new MemoryStream()) {
            ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize(ms, tData);
            return ms.ToArray();
        }            
    }

    public static List<TD> Deserialize(byte[] tData) {
        using (var ms = new MemoryStream(tData)) {
            return ProtoBuf.Serializer.Deserialize<List<TD>>(ms);
        }
    }
}
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tzdcorbm

tzdcorbm2#

我在这篇文章中对不同格式进行了全面的比较-https://medium.com/@maximn/serialization-performance-comparison-xml-binary-json-p-ad737545d227
只有一个样本来自-x1c 0d1x后

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epggiuax

epggiuax3#

出于对这个问题的兴趣，我决定用最接近“苹果对苹果”的测试来测试建议的方法。我用以下代码编写了一个控制台应用程序：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace SerializationTests
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var count = 100000;
            var rnd = new Random(DateTime.UtcNow.GetHashCode());
            Console.WriteLine("Generating {0} arrays of data...", count);
            var arrays = new List<int[]>();
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                var elements = rnd.Next(1, 100);
                var array = new int[elements];
                for (int j = 0; j < elements; j++)
                {
                    array[j] = rnd.Next();
                }   
                arrays.Add(array);
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Test data generated.");
            var stopWatch = new Stopwatch();

            Console.WriteLine("Testing BinarySerializer...");
            var binarySerializer = new BinarySerializer();
            var binarySerialized = new List<byte[]>();
            var binaryDeserialized = new List<int[]>();

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            foreach (var array in arrays)
            {
                binarySerialized.Add(binarySerializer.Serialize(array));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("BinaryFormatter: Serializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            foreach (var serialized in binarySerialized)
            {
                binaryDeserialized.Add(binarySerializer.Deserialize<int[]>(serialized));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("BinaryFormatter: Deserializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Testing ProtoBuf serializer...");
            var protobufSerializer = new ProtoBufSerializer();
            var protobufSerialized = new List<byte[]>();
            var protobufDeserialized = new List<int[]>();

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            foreach (var array in arrays)
            {
                protobufSerialized.Add(protobufSerializer.Serialize(array));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("ProtoBuf: Serializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            foreach (var serialized in protobufSerialized)
            {
                protobufDeserialized.Add(protobufSerializer.Deserialize<int[]>(serialized));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("ProtoBuf: Deserializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Testing NetSerializer serializer...");
            var netSerializerSerializer = new ProtoBufSerializer();
            var netSerializerSerialized = new List<byte[]>();
            var netSerializerDeserialized = new List<int[]>();

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            foreach (var array in arrays)
            {
                netSerializerSerialized.Add(netSerializerSerializer.Serialize(array));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("NetSerializer: Serializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            foreach (var serialized in netSerializerSerialized)
            {
                netSerializerDeserialized.Add(netSerializerSerializer.Deserialize<int[]>(serialized));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("NetSerializer: Deserializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            Console.WriteLine("Press any key to end.");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public class BinarySerializer
        {
            private static readonly BinaryFormatter Formatter = new BinaryFormatter();

            public byte[] Serialize(object toSerialize)
            {
                using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    Formatter.Serialize(stream, toSerialize);
                    return stream.ToArray();
                }
            }

            public T Deserialize<T>(byte[] serialized)
            {
                using (var stream = new MemoryStream(serialized))
                {
                    var result = (T)Formatter.Deserialize(stream);
                    return result;
                }
            }
        }

        public class ProtoBufSerializer
        {
            public byte[] Serialize(object toSerialize)
            {
                using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize(stream, toSerialize);
                    return stream.ToArray();
                }
            }

            public T Deserialize<T>(byte[] serialized)
            {
                using (var stream = new MemoryStream(serialized))
                {
                    var result = ProtoBuf.Serializer.Deserialize<T>(stream);
                    return result;
                }
            }
        }

        public class NetSerializer
        {
            private static readonly NetSerializer Serializer = new NetSerializer();
            public byte[] Serialize(object toSerialize)
            {
                return Serializer.Serialize(toSerialize);
            }

            public T Deserialize<T>(byte[] serialized)
            {
                return Serializer.Deserialize<T>(serialized);
            }
        }
    }
}

结果令我吃惊;当运行多次时，它们是一致的：

Generating 100000 arrays of data...
Test data generated.
Testing BinarySerializer...
BinaryFormatter: Serializing took 336.8392ms.
BinaryFormatter: Deserializing took 208.7527ms.

Testing ProtoBuf serializer...
ProtoBuf: Serializing took 2284.3827ms.
ProtoBuf: Deserializing took 2201.8072ms.

Testing NetSerializer serializer...
NetSerializer: Serializing took 2139.5424ms.
NetSerializer: Deserializing took 2113.7296ms.
Press any key to end.

收集这些结果后，我决定看看ProtoBuf或NetSerializer在处理较大对象时性能是否更好。我将收集计数更改为10，000个对象，但将数组的大小从1 -100增加到1 - 10，000。结果似乎更加确定：

Generating 10000 arrays of data...
Test data generated.
Testing BinarySerializer...
BinaryFormatter: Serializing took 285.8356ms.
BinaryFormatter: Deserializing took 206.0906ms.

Testing ProtoBuf serializer...
ProtoBuf: Serializing took 10693.3848ms.
ProtoBuf: Deserializing took 5988.5993ms.

Testing NetSerializer serializer...
NetSerializer: Serializing took 9017.5785ms.
NetSerializer: Deserializing took 5978.7203ms.
Press any key to end.

因此，我的结论是：在某些情况下，ProtoBuf和NetSerializer非常适合，但就至少相对简单的对象的原始性能而言... BinaryFormatter的性能明显更高，至少高出一个数量级。
YMMV公司。

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tktrz96b

tktrz96b4#

Protobuf非常非常快

有关此系统性能和实现的详细信息，请参见http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-net/wiki/Performance。

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lp0sw83n

lp0sw83n5#

还有一个声称超快的串行器是netserializer。
他们网站上给出的数据显示了2x - 4x over protobuf的性能，我自己还没有尝试过这个，但是如果你正在评估各种选项，也可以试试这个

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s2j5cfk0

s2j5cfk06#

net中包含的二进制序列化程序应该比XmlSerializer或protobuf、json等的其他序列化程序快。
但是对于其中的一些，你需要添加属性，或者其他一些方法来添加元数据。例如ProtoBuf内部使用数字属性ID，并且Map需要通过不同的机制来保存。版本控制对于任何序列化程序来说都不是微不足道的。

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kmbjn2e3

kmbjn2e37#

我删除了上述代码中的错误，并得到以下结果：另外，我不确定NetSerializer如何要求您注册要序列化的类型，这可能会造成什么样的兼容性或性能差异。

Generating 100000 arrays of data...
Test data generated.
Testing BinarySerializer...
BinaryFormatter: Serializing took 508.9773ms.
BinaryFormatter: Deserializing took 371.8499ms.

Testing ProtoBuf serializer...
ProtoBuf: Serializing took 3280.9185ms.
ProtoBuf: Deserializing took 3190.7899ms.

Testing NetSerializer serializer...
NetSerializer: Serializing took 427.1241ms.
NetSerializer: Deserializing took 78.954ms.
Press any key to end.

修改代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace SerializationTests
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var count = 100000;
            var rnd = new Random((int)DateTime.UtcNow.Ticks & 0xFF);
            Console.WriteLine("Generating {0} arrays of data...", count);
            var arrays = new List<int[]>();
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                var elements = rnd.Next(1, 100);
                var array = new int[elements];
                for (int j = 0; j < elements; j++)
                {
                    array[j] = rnd.Next();
                }
                arrays.Add(array);
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Test data generated.");
            var stopWatch = new Stopwatch();

            Console.WriteLine("Testing BinarySerializer...");
            var binarySerializer = new BinarySerializer();
            var binarySerialized = new List<byte[]>();
            var binaryDeserialized = new List<int[]>();

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            foreach (var array in arrays)
            {
                binarySerialized.Add(binarySerializer.Serialize(array));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("BinaryFormatter: Serializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            foreach (var serialized in binarySerialized)
            {
                binaryDeserialized.Add(binarySerializer.Deserialize<int[]>(serialized));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("BinaryFormatter: Deserializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Testing ProtoBuf serializer...");
            var protobufSerializer = new ProtoBufSerializer();
            var protobufSerialized = new List<byte[]>();
            var protobufDeserialized = new List<int[]>();

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            foreach (var array in arrays)
            {
                protobufSerialized.Add(protobufSerializer.Serialize(array));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("ProtoBuf: Serializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            foreach (var serialized in protobufSerialized)
            {
                protobufDeserialized.Add(protobufSerializer.Deserialize<int[]>(serialized));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("ProtoBuf: Deserializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Testing NetSerializer serializer...");
            var netSerializerSerialized = new List<byte[]>();
            var netSerializerDeserialized = new List<int[]>();

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            var netSerializerSerializer = new NS();
            foreach (var array in arrays)
            {
                netSerializerSerialized.Add(netSerializerSerializer.Serialize(array));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("NetSerializer: Serializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            stopWatch.Reset();
            stopWatch.Start();
            foreach (var serialized in netSerializerSerialized)
            {
                netSerializerDeserialized.Add(netSerializerSerializer.Deserialize<int[]>(serialized));
            }
            stopWatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("NetSerializer: Deserializing took {0}ms.", stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            Console.WriteLine("Press any key to end.");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public class BinarySerializer
        {
            private static readonly BinaryFormatter Formatter = new BinaryFormatter();

            public byte[] Serialize(object toSerialize)
            {
                using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    Formatter.Serialize(stream, toSerialize);
                    return stream.ToArray();
                }
            }

            public T Deserialize<T>(byte[] serialized)
            {
                using (var stream = new MemoryStream(serialized))
                {
                    var result = (T)Formatter.Deserialize(stream);
                    return result;
                }
            }
        }

        public class ProtoBufSerializer
        {
            public byte[] Serialize(object toSerialize)
            {
                using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize(stream, toSerialize);
                    return stream.ToArray();
                }
            }

            public T Deserialize<T>(byte[] serialized)
            {
                using (var stream = new MemoryStream(serialized))
                {
                    var result = ProtoBuf.Serializer.Deserialize<T>(stream);
                    return result;
                }
            }
        }

        public class NS
        {
            NetSerializer.Serializer Serializer = new NetSerializer.Serializer(new Type[] { typeof(int), typeof(int[]) });

            public byte[] Serialize(object toSerialize)
            {
                using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    Serializer.Serialize(stream, toSerialize);
                    return stream.ToArray();
                }
            }

            public T Deserialize<T>(byte[] serialized)
            {
                using (var stream = new MemoryStream(serialized))
                {
                    Serializer.Deserialize(stream, out var result);
                    return (T)result;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
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hwazgwia

hwazgwia8#

你可以试试Salar.Bois串行化器，它有不错的性能，它关注的是负载大小，但也提供了很好的性能。
如果你想自己查看和比较结果，Github页面中有基准测试。
https://github.com/salarcode/Bois

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bvuwiixz

bvuwiixz9#

我冒昧地将您的类输入到CGbR生成器中。因为它还处于早期阶段，还不支持DateTime，所以我简单地将其替换为long。生成的序列化代码如下所示：

public int Size
{
    get 
    { 
        var size = 24;
        // Add size for collections and strings
        size += Cts == null ? 0 : Cts.Count * 4;
        size += Tes == null ? 0 : Tes.Count * 4;
        size += Code == null ? 0 : Code.Length;
        size += Message == null ? 0 : Message.Length;

        return size;              
    }
}

public byte[] ToBytes(byte[] bytes, ref int index)
{
    if (index + Size > bytes.Length)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index", "Object does not fit in array");

    // Convert Cts
    // Two bytes length information for each dimension
    GeneratorByteConverter.Include((ushort)(Cts == null ? 0 : Cts.Count), bytes, ref index);
    if (Cts != null)
    {
        for(var i = 0; i < Cts.Count; i++)
        {
            var value = Cts[i];
            value.ToBytes(bytes, ref index);
        }
    }
    // Convert Tes
    // Two bytes length information for each dimension
    GeneratorByteConverter.Include((ushort)(Tes == null ? 0 : Tes.Count), bytes, ref index);
    if (Tes != null)
    {
        for(var i = 0; i < Tes.Count; i++)
        {
            var value = Tes[i];
            value.ToBytes(bytes, ref index);
        }
    }
    // Convert Code
    GeneratorByteConverter.Include(Code, bytes, ref index);
    // Convert Message
    GeneratorByteConverter.Include(Message, bytes, ref index);
    // Convert StartDate
    GeneratorByteConverter.Include(StartDate.ToBinary(), bytes, ref index);
    // Convert EndDate
    GeneratorByteConverter.Include(EndDate.ToBinary(), bytes, ref index);
    return bytes;
}

public Td FromBytes(byte[] bytes, ref int index)
{
    // Read Cts
    var ctsLength = GeneratorByteConverter.ToUInt16(bytes, ref index);
    var tempCts = new List<Ct>(ctsLength);
    for (var i = 0; i < ctsLength; i++)
    {
        var value = new Ct().FromBytes(bytes, ref index);
        tempCts.Add(value);
    }
    Cts = tempCts;
    // Read Tes
    var tesLength = GeneratorByteConverter.ToUInt16(bytes, ref index);
    var tempTes = new List<Te>(tesLength);
    for (var i = 0; i < tesLength; i++)
    {
        var value = new Te().FromBytes(bytes, ref index);
        tempTes.Add(value);
    }
    Tes = tempTes;
    // Read Code
    Code = GeneratorByteConverter.GetString(bytes, ref index);
    // Read Message
    Message = GeneratorByteConverter.GetString(bytes, ref index);
    // Read StartDate
    StartDate = DateTime.FromBinary(GeneratorByteConverter.ToInt64(bytes, ref index));
    // Read EndDate
    EndDate = DateTime.FromBinary(GeneratorByteConverter.ToInt64(bytes, ref index));

    return this;
}

我创建了一个示例对象列表，如下所示：

var objects = new List<Td>();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
{
    var obj = new Td
    {
        Message = "Hello my friend",
        Code = "Some code that can be put here",
        StartDate = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-7),
        EndDate = DateTime.Now.AddDays(2),
        Cts = new List<Ct>(),
        Tes = new List<Te>()
    };
    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
    {
        obj.Cts.Add(new Ct { Foo = i * j });
        obj.Tes.Add(new Te { Bar = i + j });
    }
    objects.Add(obj);
}

Release版本中我的计算机上的结果：

var watch = new Stopwatch();
watch.Start();
var bytes = BinarySerializer.SerializeMany(objects);
watch.Stop();

**大小：**149000字节
**时间：**2.059毫秒3.13毫秒
**编辑：**从CGbR 0.4.3开始，二进制序列化器支持DateTime。不幸的是，DateTime.ToBinary方法非常慢。我将很快用更快的方法替换它。
Edit2：通过调用ToUniversalTime()使用UTC DateTime时，性能将恢复并以1.669ms计时。

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