R语言 如何将变量转化为数量?

7eumitmz  于 2023-01-03  发布在  其他
关注(0)|答案(3)|浏览(292)

我有一个数据矩阵(900列和5000行),我想做一个主成分分析。
这个矩阵在excel中看起来很好(意味着所有的值都是定量的),但是当我在R中读取我的文件并尝试运行pca代码后,我得到了一个错误,说“以下变量不是定量的”,我得到了一个非定量变量的列表。
所以一般来说,有些变量是定量的,有些不是。看下面的例子。当我检查变量1时,它是正确的和定量的..(随机一些变量在文件中是定量的)当我检查变量2时,它是不正确的和非定量的..(随机一些变量像这样在文件中是非定量的)

> data$variable1[1:5]
[1] -0.7617504 -0.9740939 -0.5089303 -0.1032487 -0.1245882

> data$variable2[1:5]
[1] -0.183546332959017 -0.179283451229594 -0.191165669598284 -0.187060515423038
[5] -0.184409474669824
731 Levels: -0.001841783473108 -0.001855956210119 ... -1,97E+05

所以我的问题是,我怎样才能把所有的非量化变量变成量化变量呢?
使文件简短没有帮助,因为值本身是定量的。我不知道发生了什么。所以这里是我的原始文件〈-https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzP-YLnUNCdwakc4dnhYdEpudjQ/edit的链接
我也尝试了下面给出的答案,但仍然无济于事。
让我来展示一下我到底做了什么

> data <- read.delim("file.txt", header=T)
> res.pca = PCA(data, quali.sup=1, graph=T)
Error in PCA(data, quali.sup = 1, graph = T) :
The following variables are not quantitative:  batch
The following variables are not quantitative:  target79
The following variables are not quantitative:  target148
The following variables are not quantitative:  target151
The following variables are not quantitative:  target217
The following variables are not quantitative:  target266
The following variables are not quantitative:  target515
The following variables are not quantitative:  target530
The following variables are not quantitative:  target587
The following variables are not quantitative:  target620
The following variables are not quantitative:  target730
The following variables are not quantitative:  target739
The following variables are not quantitative:  target801
The following variables are not quantitative:  target803
The following variables are not quantitative:  target809
The following variables are not quantitative:  target819
The following variables are not quantitative:  target868
The following variables a
In addition: There were 50 or more warnings (use warnings() to see the first 50)
g9icjywg

g9icjywg1#

默认情况下,R将字符串强制为因子。这可能导致意外行为。请使用以下命令关闭此默认选项:

read.csv(x, stringsAsFactors=F)

或者,您可以使用将因子强制为数值

newVar<-as.numeric(oldVar)
nszi6y05

nszi6y052#

R把你的变量当作因子,正如Arun所提到的。因此它产生了一个数据框架(实际上是一个列表)。有很多方法可以解决这个问题,一个是用下面的方法把它转换成一个数据矩阵;

matrix <- as.numeric(as.matrix(data))
dim(matrix) <- dim(data)

现在您可以在矩阵上运行PCA。
编辑:
把这个例子再扩展一下,查理建议的第二部分就不起作用了。复制下面的会话,看看它是如何起作用的;

d <- data.frame(
 a = factor(runif(2000)),
 b = factor(runif(2000)),
 c = factor(runif(2000)))

as.numeric(d) #does not work on a list (data frame is a list)

as.numeric(d$a) # does work, because d$a is a vecor, but this is not what you are 
# after. R converts the factor levels to numeric instead of the actual value.

(m <- as.numeric(as.matrix(d))) # this does the rigth thing
dim(m)                        # but m loses the dimensions and is now a vector

dim(m) <- dim(d)              # assign the dimensions of d to m

svd(m)                        # you can do the PCA function of your liking on m
s1ag04yj

s1ag04yj3#

as.numeric(as.character(data$variable2[1:5])),先用as.character得到因子变量标签的字符串表示,再用as.numeric转换

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