鉴于您的评论：
连字符可以位于第一个数字之后和最后一个数字之前的任何位置
您可以使用以下命令在不使用正则表达式的情况下完成所有操作：

SELECT *
FROM   table_name
WHERE  -- Check that the value as the correct length
       LENGTH(value) IN (9, 10)
       -- Check that the value has the correct length without hyphens
AND    LENGTH(REPLACE(value, '-')) = 9
       -- Check that the value has only digits or hyphens
AND    TRANSLATE(value, 'a-0123456789', 'a') IS NULL
       -- Check that all the characters are not either hyphens or the same as the
       -- first character
AND    TRANSLATE(value, 'a-' || SUBSTR(value, 1, 1), 'a') IS NOT NULL;

如果连字符始终为第3个字符（如果存在），则：

SELECT *
FROM   table_name
WHERE  -- Check that the value has the correct format
       ( value LIKE '_________' OR value LIKE '__-_______' )
       -- Check that the other characters are digits
AND    TRANSLATE(
          SUBSTR(value, 1, 2) || SUBSTR(value, -7),
          'a0123456789',
          'a'
        ) IS NULL
       -- Check that all the characters are not either hyphens or the same as the
       -- first character
AND    TRANSLATE(value, 'a-' || SUBSTR(value, 1, 1), 'a') IS NOT NULL;

如果你想使用正则表达式，那么你将需要两个正则表达式：

SELECT *
FROM   table_name
WHERE  REGEXP_LIKE(value, '^\d{2}-?\d{7}$')
AND    NOT REGEXP_LIKE(value, '^(\d)\1-?\1{7}$');

或任何地方的连字符：

SELECT *
FROM   table_name
WHERE  REGEXP_LIKE(value, '^\d+-?\d+$')
AND    REGEXP_LIKE(value, '^[0-9-]{9,10}$')
AND    NOT REGEXP_LIKE(value, '^(\d)(-?\1){8}$');

或者，您可以在数据库内部启用Java，并启用use look-ahead via a Java method和正则表达式：

^(?!(\d)(-?\1){8}$)(?=(\d{9}|[0-9-]{10})$)\d+-?\d+$

fiddle