出于对使用ggplot2可以实现什么以及如何实现的好奇，这里有一种可能的方法可以让您接近FiveThirtyEight表的外观：

library(tidyr)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(showtext)

font_add_google("Karla", "karla")
font_add_google("Fira Mono", "fira")

showtext.auto()

dat_long <- dat |>
  mutate(
    Team = reorder(Team, -Points),
    y = as.numeric(Team)
  ) |>
  pivot_longer(-c(Team, y))

dat_text <- dat_long |>
  filter(name == "Points")

dat_heat <- dat_long |>
  filter(name != "Points")

dat_header <- data.frame(
  hjust = c(0, .5, rep(1, 3)),
  x = c(.55, 2, (3:5) + .45),
  y = 0,
  label = c("Team", "Points", "İlk iki", "Playoff", "Küme Düşme")
)

fontsize <- 8
ggplot(dat_long, aes(x = name)) +
  # header row
  geom_tile(aes(x = 1:5, y = y),
    data = dat_header,
    fill = c("#F0F0F0", rep(NA, 3), "#555555")
  ) +
  geom_text(aes(x = x, y = y, label = label, hjust = hjust),
    data = dat_header, color = c(rep("black", 4), "white"),
    size = fontsize, fontface = c("bold", rep("plain", 4)), vjust = .5,
    family = "karla"
  ) +
  # Team and Points
  geom_text(aes(x = "Team", y = y, label = Team), data = dat_text, hjust = 0, 
            nudge_x = -.45, size = fontsize, family = "karla") +
  geom_text(aes(y = y, label = value), data = dat_text, size = 8, family = "fira") +
  # Heatmap
  geom_tile(aes(y = y, fill = value), data = dat_heat) +
  geom_text(aes(y = y, label = scales::percent(value, accuracy = 1)),
    data = dat_heat, color = "black",
    hjust = 1, nudge_x = .45, size = fontsize, 
    family = "fira"
  ) +
  geom_text(aes(y = y, label = "<1%"),
    data = filter(dat_heat, is.na(value)), color = "grey80",
    hjust = 1, nudge_x = .45, size = fontsize,
    family = "fira"
  ) +
  # grid and header line
  geom_hline(linewidth = .5, color = "#F0F0F0", yintercept = seq(1.5, 19.5, 1)) +
  geom_hline(linewidth = .5, color = "black", yintercept = .5) +
  scale_x_discrete(
    limits = c("Team", "Points", "İlk_iki", "Playoff", "Küme_Düşme"),
    position = "top", expand = c(0, 0)
  ) +
  scale_y_reverse(breaks = 0:19, expand = c(0, 0)) +
  scale_fill_gradient(low = "#FFF8D3", high = "#FF602F", na.value = NA) +
  labs(x = NULL, y = NULL) +
  guides(fill = "none") +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
    axis.text.y = element_blank(),
    axis.text.x = element_blank(),
    panel.ontop = TRUE
  ) +
  coord_cartesian(clip = "off")

ggsave("foo.png", bg = "white", w = 16, h = 12, unit = "cm")