这应该行得通：https://psalm.dev/r/24c1344df3

<?php

/**
 * @template TValue
 * @template-implements IteratorAggregate<string, TValue>
 */
abstract class AbstractCollection implements IteratorAggregate 
{
    /**
     * @var array<string, TValue>
     */
    protected array $items = [];
    
    /** @return ArrayIterator<string, TValue> */
    public function getIterator(): ArrayIterator
    {
        return new ArrayIterator($this->items);
    }
}

/**
 * @template-extends AbstractCollection<string>
 */
class Collection extends AbstractCollection 
{
    public function __construct() {
        $this->items = ['foo' => 'bar'];
    }
}

foreach (new Collection() as $item) {
    echo $item; // PHPStorm should know the type here
}

您错过了AbstractCollection::getIterator()上的文档块。