如何在Python中从DuckDuckGo的图像搜索结果中抓取图像

jpfvwuh4  于 2023-02-01  发布在  Python
关注(0)|答案(3)|浏览(123)

我正在用python创建一个应用程序，该应用程序将显示从DuckDuckGo的图像搜索结果中抓取的图像。因此，我需要根据搜索结果获得一个图像链接列表。问题是，构成DuckDuckGo的图像搜索结果的HTML不包含任何图像标签，而是图像似乎存储在division标记中。我如何在python的帮助下刮取那些该死的图像链接并将其存储在我程序上的变量中？
我希望我的变量看起来像：

image_links = ["https://duckduckgo.com/?q=duckduckgo&atb=v166-4_p&iax=images&ia=images&iai=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fen%2Fthumb%2F8%2F88%2FDuckDuckGo_logo.svg%2F1200px-DuckDuckGo_logo.svg.png","https://duckduckgo.com/?q=duckduckgo&atb=v166-4_p&iax=images&ia=images&iai=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fen%2Fthumb%2F8%2F88%2FDuckDuckGo_logo.svg%2F1200px-DuckDuckGo_logo.svg.png"]

A visualization of DuckDuckGo's HTML structure in its image search results

    • 编辑：**

当我通过以下操作从URL中抓取HTML时：

source = urllib.request.urlopen("https://duckduckgo.com/?q=duckduckgo&atb=v166-4_p&iax=images&ia=images").read()

它根本不返回任何图像标记。
我通过执行以下操作来检查：

source_tree = BeautifulSoup(source, 'html.parser')

links = [img.get('src') for img in source_tree.find_all('img', _class='tile--img__img')]

print(f"links: {links}")
print(f"img in source_tree: {'img' in str(source_tree)}")
print(f"source_tree: {source_tree}")

输出：

links: []
img in source_tree: False
source_tree: <!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="no-js has-zcm" lang="en_US"><head><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="content-type"/><title>duckduckgo at DuckDuckGo</title><link href="/s1775.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><link href="/r1775.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><meta content="noindex,nofollow" name="robots"/><meta content="origin" name="referrer"/><meta content="duckduckgo" name="apple-mobile-web-app-title"/><link href="/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 64x64" type="image/x-icon"><link href="/assets/icons/meta/DDG-iOS-icon_60x60.png?v=2" id="icon60" rel="apple-touch-icon"><link href="/assets/icons/meta/DDG-iOS-icon_76x76.png?v=2" id="icon76" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76"/><link href="/assets/icons/meta/DDG-iOS-icon_120x120.png?v=2" id="icon120" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120"/><link href="/assets/icons/meta/DDG-iOS-icon_152x152.png?v=2" id="icon152" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152"/><link href="/assets/icons/meta/DDG-icon_256x256.png" rel="image_src"/><script type="text/javascript">var ct,fd,fq,it,iqa,iqm,iqs,iqp,iqq,qw,dl,ra,rv,rad,r1hc,r1c,r2c,r3c,rfq,rq,rds,rs,rt,rl,y,y1,ti,tig,iqd,locale,settings_js_version='s2472.js',is_twitter='',rpl=0;fq=0;fd=1;it=0;iqa=0;iqbi=0;iqm=0;iqs=0;iqp=0;iqq=0;qw=1;dl='';ct='DK';iqd=0;r1hc=0;r1c=0;r3c=0;rq='duckduckgo';rqd="duckduckgo";rfq=0;rt='A';ra='';rv='';rad='';rds=30;rs=0;spice_version='1396';spice_paths='{}';locale='en_US';settings_url_params={};rl='wt-wt';rlo=0;df='';ds='';sfq='';iar='';vqd='3-146459744347044482638673072010848595657-89706121844226791728716680155105882500';safe_ddg=0;;</script><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"><meta content="true" name="HandheldFriendly"><meta content="no" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable"/></meta></meta></link></link></head><body class="body--serp"><input id="state_hidden" name="state_hidden" size="1" type="text"/><span class="hide">Ignore this box please.</span><div id="spacing_hidden_wrapper"><div id="spacing_hidden"></div></div><script src="/lib/l113.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/locale/en_US/duckduckgo10.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/util/u345.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/d2615.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="site-wrapper js-site-wrapper"><div class="header-wrap js-header-wrap" id="header_wrapper"><div class="welcome-wrap js-welcome-wrap"></div><div class="header cw" id="header"><div class="header__search-wrap"><a class="header__logo-wrap js-header-logo" href="/" tabindex="-1"><span class="header__logo js-logo-ddg">DuckDuckGo</span></a><div class="header__content header__search"><form action="/" class="search--adv search--header js-search-form" id="search_form" name="x"><input autocomplete="off" class="search__input search__input--adv js-search-input" id="search_form_input" name="q" tabindex="1" type="text" value="duckduckgo"/><input class="search__clear js-search-clear" id="search_form_input_clear" tabindex="3" type="button" value="X"><input class="search__button js-search-button" id="search_button" tabindex="2" type="submit" value="S"><a class="search__dropdown" href="javascript:;" id="search_dropdown" tabindex="4"></a><div class="search__hidden js-search-hidden" id="search_elements_hidden"></div></input></input></form></div></div><div class="zcm-wrap zcm-wrap--header is-noscript-hidden" id="duckbar"></div></div><div class="header--aside js-header-aside"></div></div><div class="zci-wrap" id="zero_click_wrapper"></div><div class="verticals" id="vertical_wrapper"></div><div class="content-wrap" id="web_content_wrapper"><div class="serp__top-right js-serp-top-right"></div><div class="serp__bottom-right js-serp-bottom-right"><div class="js-feedback-btn-wrap"></div></div><div class="cw"><div class="serp__results js-serp-results" id="links_wrapper"><div class="results--main"><div class="search-filters-wrap"><div class="js-search-filters search-filters"></div></div><noscript><meta content="0;URL=/html?q=duckduckgo" http-equiv="refresh"/><link href="/css/noscript.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><div class="msg msg--noscript"><p class="msg-title--noscript">You are being redirected to the non-JavaScript site.</p>Click <a href="/html/?q=duckduckgo">here</a> if it doesn't happen automatically.</div></noscript><div class="results--message" id="message"></div><div class="ia-modules js-ia-modules"></div><div class="results--ads results--ads--main is-hidden js-results-ads" id="ads"></div><div class="results is-hidden js-results" id="links"></div></div><div class="results--sidebar js-results-sidebar"><div class="sidebar-modules js-sidebar-modules"></div><div class="is-hidden js-sidebar-ads"></div></div></div></div></div><div id="bottom_spacing2"> </div></div><script type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/JavaScript">function nrji() {nrj('/t.js?q=duckduckgo&t=A&l=wt-wt&s=0&ct=DK&ss_mkt=us&p_ent=website&ex=-1');nrj('/d.js?q=duckduckgo&t=A&l=wt-wt&s=0&ct=DK&ss_mkt=us&vqd=3-146459744347044482638673072010848595657-89706121844226791728716680155105882500&atb=v166-4_p&p_ent=website&ex=-1&sp=0');DDH.wikipedia_fathead=DDH.wikipedia_fathead||{};DDH.wikipedia_fathead.meta={"name":"Wikipedia","src_name":"Wikipedia","is_stackexchange":null,"perl_module":"DDG::Fathead::Wikipedia","unsafe":0,"live_date":null,"src_options":{"language":"en","min_abstract_length":"20","source_skip":"","skip_image_name":0,"is_wikipedia":1,"skip_abstract_paren":0,"skip_abstract":0,"skip_qr":"","is_mediawiki":1,"skip_icon":0,"is_fanon":0,"skip_end":"0","directory":"","src_info":""},"blockgroup":null,"description":"Wikipedia","signal_from":"wikipedia_fathead","tab":"About","producer":null,"production_state":"online","maintainer":{"github":"duckduckgo"},"src_id":1,"dev_milestone":"live","src_url":null,"attribution":null,"dev_date":null,"topic":["productivity"],"status":"live","id":"wikipedia_fathead","example_query":"nikola tesla","created_date":null,"src_domain":"en.wikipedia.org","repo":"fathead","js_callback_name":"wikipedia","designer":null,"developer":[{"name":"DDG Team","url":"http://www.duckduckhack.com","type":"ddg"}]};;};DDG.ready(nrji, 1);</script><script src="/g2124.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">DDG.ready(function () 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[Finished in 0.6s]
    • 出现此问题的原因是什么？如何解决？**
python-3.x

3条答案

按热度按时间
nhhxz33t

nhhxz33t1#

因为duckduckgo没有提供任何图片搜索的API，但是它使用了一个request调用来获取图片。
因此，我得到了另一个可能有效的解决方案。在这里，这个解决方案只适用于keyword = book。因为图像搜索请求使用的是一个参数vqd，它是基于搜索的关键字或用户的机器动态eiter。
如果可以解决这个代码将工作的任何关键字下载任何图像。
如果有人可以解密此vqd，只需替换：

'q': 'book',

与

'q': keyword,

剩下的就没事了。

from bs4 import *
import requests as rq
import os

# api-endpoint
URL = "https://duckduckgo.com/i.js"
keyword = input('Enter the search keyword : ')

# defining a params dict for the parameters to be sent to the API
PARAMS = {'l': 'us-en',
    'o': 'json',
    'q': 'book',
    'vqd': '3-160127109499719016074744569811997028386-179481262599639828155814625357171050706&f=,,,',
}

# sending get request and saving the response as response object
r = rq.get(url=URL, params=PARAMS)

# extracting data in json format
data = r.json()

img_link = data["results"][0]['image']

img_data = rq.get(img_link).content

# os.mkdir('downloads')
filename = "downloads/" + keyword + ".png"
with open(filename, 'wb+') as f:
    f.write(img_data)

print("File " + keyword + ".png successfully downloaded.")

=======================更新的答案=====================
有一个github package也可用于此。上述脚本的主要问题是该参数（vqd）的值。在此包的帮助下，我创建了以下脚本。

import requests
import re
import json
import os

def search(keywords):
    url = 'https://duckduckgo.com/'
    params = {
        'q': keywords
    }

    print("Hitting DuckDuckGo for Token")

    #   First make a request to above URL, and parse out the 'vqd'
    #   This is a special token, which should be used in the subsequent request
    res = requests.post(url, data=params)
    searchObj = re.search(r'vqd=([\d-]+)\&', res.text, re.M | re.I)

    if not searchObj:
        print("Token Parsing Failed !")
        return -1

    print("Obtained Token")

    headers = {
        'dnt': '1',
        'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',
        'x-requested-with': 'XMLHttpRequest',
        'accept-language': 'en-GB,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,ms;q=0.4',
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36',
        'accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
        'referer': 'https://duckduckgo.com/',
        'authority': 'duckduckgo.com',
    }

    params = (
        ('l', 'wt-wt'),
        ('o', 'json'),
        ('q', keywords),
        ('vqd', searchObj.group(1)),
        ('f', ',,,'),
        ('p', '2')
    )

    requestUrl = url + "i.js"

    try:
        res = requests.get(requestUrl, headers=headers, params=params)
        data = json.loads(res.text)
        saveImage(data["results"], keywords)
    except ValueError as e:
        print('Please try later.')

    # logger.debug("Hitting Url Success : %s", requestUrl)

def saveImage(objs, keyword):
    for obj in objs:
        img_link = obj['image']
        img_data = requests.get(img_link).content

        # os.mkdir('downloads')
        filename = "downloads/" + keyword + ".png"
        with open(filename, 'wb+') as f:
            f.write(img_data)

        print("File " + keyword + ".png successfully downloaded.")
        break

while True:
    keyword = input('Enter the search keyword : ')
    # print(keyword)
    search(keyword)
赞(0）分享  回复(0）举报  2023-02-01
elcex8rz

elcex8rz2#

图像实际上存储在img标记中，它们只是嵌套在一些div元素中。

您应该能够找到页面上的所有图像与CSS选择器img.tile--img__img。
您可以使用Beautiful Soup这样的库来查询所有这些链接，如下所示：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# Considering your HTML is in the variable `source`
source_tree = BeautifulSoup(source, 'html.parser')

links = [img.get('src') for img in source_tree.find_all('img', class_='tile--img__img')]

编辑

看起来这里的问题是duckduckgo使用一些JavaScript来显示所有img tile的图像页面。由于Python请求只能获取资源而不能执行任何JavaScript，因此您可能需要实现一个不同的解决方案。请参阅other SO answer以了解一些选项。

赞(0）分享  回复(0）举报  2023-02-01
qoefvg9y

qoefvg9y3#

我的解决方案是使用 selenium 作为建议的答案标记为正确的。

from urllib.parse import unquote 
from selenium import webdriver

def search(query):
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()

    # For one word queries it will be ok, for complex ones should encode first
    driver.get(f'https://duckduckgo.com/?q={query}&t=h_&iax=images&ia=images') 

    # For now it's working with this class, not sure if it will never change
    img_tags = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('tile--img__img') 

    for tag in img_tags:
        src = tag.get_attribute('data-src')
        src = unquote(src)
        src = src.split('=', maxsplit=1)
        src = src[1]
        yield src

    driver.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from pprint import pprint
    imgs_urls = list(search('sun'))
    pprint(imgs_urls)

你需要selenium python库，你可以使用pip和geckodriver来安装它，你可以在你的发行包管理器中找到它。

赞(0）分享  回复(0）举报  2023-02-01
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