首先创建css类如下

.button-red {
    background: red;
}

.button-white {
    background: white;
}

你能做的就是

$class_name = 'button-' . $db_value=='1' ? 'red' : 'white';

echo '<button class=". $class_name .">';

避免页面重载的最好方法是使用javascript AJAX ，这样按钮会刷新，然后也使用javascript更改按钮颜色。
使用jquery的示例：

<button id="btn1" onclick="toggleButton()" db-id="4" value="0">Click</button>
<script>
  function toggleButton(){
    let db = $("#btn1").attr("db-id"); // Useful for getting the database id stored in the attribute
    let value = $("#btn1").attr("value"); // Getting the attribute storing the current database value
    if(value == "0"){
       # Put Ajax Code here to update the database to 1 using db variable
       $("#btn1").attr("value","1"); // Change the value to 1
       $("#btn1").css("background-color","green"); // Changing the color
    }
    if(value == "1"){
       # Put Ajax Code here to update the database to 0 using db variable
       $("#btn1").attr("value","0"); // Change the value to 0
       $("#btn1").css("background-color","white"); // Changing the color
    }
  }
</script>