JwtBearer提供了各种各样的地方，你可以在那里添加你自己的事件处理，下面的图片我做了概述什么是可用的：

在代码中，可以按如下方式访问这些事件处理程序：

services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(opt =>
{
    opt.Audience = "payment";      
    opt.Authority = "https://localhost:6001";

    opt.Events.OnMessageReceived = context =>
    {
        // When Authenticate is called
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    };
    opt.Events.OnAuthenticationFailed = context =>
    {
        // When exceptions are thrown during request processing (invalid token...)
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    };
    opt.Events.OnChallenge = context =>
    {
        // Invoked before a challenge is sent back to the caller.
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    };
    opt.Events.OnForbidden = context =>
    {
        // Invoked if Authorization fails and results in a Forbidden response
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    };
    opt.Events.OnTokenValidated = context =>
    {
        // Token has passed validation and a ClaimsIdentity has been generated.
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    };
});

在您的情况下，可以使用TokenValidated事件请求其他用户信息。
如果您需要对JwtBearer进行故障排除，那么我在这里有一篇关于它的博客文章https://nestenius.se/2023/02/21/troubleshooting-jwtbearer-authentication-problems-in-asp-net-core/