rust 特性绑定io::错误:实现自定义错误枚举时不满足克隆要求

3lxsmp7m  于 2023-03-12  发布在  其他
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我在实现自定义错误类型时收到以下错误:

the trait bound `std::io::Error: std::clone::Clone` is not satisfied

下面是我的自定义错误枚举:

use std::fmt;
use std::io;
use crate::memtable::Memtable;

// Define our error types. These may be customized for our error handling cases.
// Now we will be able to write our own errors, defer to an underlying error
// implementation, or do something in between.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum MemtableError {
    Io(io::Error),
    FromUTF8(std::string::FromUtf8Error),
    NotFound,
}

// Generation of an error is completely separate from how it is displayed.
// There's no need to be concerned about cluttering complex logic with the display style.
//
// Note that we don't store any extra info about the errors. This means we can't state
// which string failed to parse without modifying our types to carry that information.
impl fmt::Display for MemtableError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "Some error occurred!");
        Ok(())
    }
}

// a test function that returns our error result
fn raises_my_error(memtable: Memtable, key: String) -> Result<(),MemtableError> {
    match memtable.read(key) {
        Ok(v) => Ok(()),
        Err(e) => Err(e),
    }
}

我做错了什么?我试着按照这些例子:

  1. https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/error/multiple_error_types/define_error_type.html
  2. https://learning-rust.github.io/docs/e7.custom_error_types.html
  3. https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/error/multiple_error_types/wrap_error.html
llew8vvj

llew8vvj1#

在你的MemtableError-enum中你使用了std::io::errorwhich does not implement Clone,这就是错误消息所显示的,你也应该得到同样的错误消息。
要解决这个问题,你可以从你的派生宏中删除Clone。或者你需要显式地在你的错误类型上实现克隆。但是这在当前的设置中不起作用,因为io::Error在内部使用了一个trait对象(Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>)。并且这个trait对象不能被克隆。参见这个issue。一个解决方案是把std::io::Errorstd::string::FromUtf8Error放在一个RcArc

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum MemtableError {
    Io(std::rc::Rc<io::Error>),
    FromUTF8(std::rc::Rc<std::string::FromUtf8Error>),
    NotFound,
}

要查看这是否是解决此问题的合理方法,我们需要更多地了解其余代码。
因此,最简单的修复方法是删除Clone。否则,请使用Rc/Arc

z3yyvxxp

z3yyvxxp2#

发生错误的原因是您试图为MemtableError派生Clone实现,但是std::io::ErrorMemtableError可以存储的值的类型)本身并没有实现Clone。如果不需要克隆,我会将其简单地更改为#[derive(Debug)]。否则,我们需要您的用例的更多上下文来建议更具体的修复。

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