为了帮助其他人，我找到了一个使用nested gridspec而不是子图形的解决方案。颜色条连接到它自己的子图。我发现有3个垂直单位间隔0.1，1，0.2产生了一个更好的结果，为上图和颜色条相比，只有一个单一的;在这种情况下，色条子图比图像的色条子图高得多。

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon
from matplotlib.colorbar import Colorbar
import sys

a = np.array([np.random.randint(-2,5,10) for x in range(0,5)])

fig = plt.figure()
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(5,3, figure=fig, height_ratios=[0.1,1,0.2,1,1], width_ratios=[1,0.1,1])

ax1 = plt.subplot(gs[0:2,0])
plt1 = ax1.imshow(a)

cbax = plt.subplot(gs[0:2,1])
cb = Colorbar(ax=cbax, mappable=plt1)

ax2 = plt.subplot(gs[3,0])
x_vals = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
y_vals = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
ax2.scatter(x_vals, y_vals)

ax3 = plt.subplot(gs[3,2])
x_vals = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
y_vals = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
ax3.scatter(x_vals, y_vals)

ax4 = plt.subplot(gs[4,0])
x_vals = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
y_vals = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
ax4.scatter(x_vals, y_vals)

ax5 = plt.subplot(gs[4,2])
x_vals = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
y_vals = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
ax5.scatter(x_vals, y_vals)

plt.show()
plt.close()

Sample output image.