从Spring Framework 5.2.5和Sping Boot 2.2.6开始，您可以在测试中使用Dynamic Properties：

@DynamicPropertySource
static void dynamicProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
    registry.add("property.name", "value");
}

由于Spring Framework 5.2.5中所做的更改，@ContextConfiguration和ApplicationContextInitializer的使用可以替换为静态的@DynamicPropertySource方法，用于相同的目的。

@SpringBootTest
@Testcontainers
class SomeSprintTest {

    @Container
    static LocalStackContainer localStack = 
        new LocalStackContainer().withServices(LocalStackContainer.Service.S3);

    @DynamicPropertySource
    static void initialize(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
        AwsClientBuilder.EndpointConfiguration endpointConfiguration = 
            localStack.getEndpointConfiguration(LocalStackContainer.Service.S3);

        registry.add("cloud.aws.s3.default-endpoint", endpointConfiguration::getServiceEndpoint);
    }
}

您可以在@BeforeClass中覆盖port属性的值，如下所示：

@BeforeClass
public static void beforeClass() {
    System.setProperty("zookeeper.port", getRandomPort());
}

“干净”的解决方案是使用ApplicationContextInitializer。
请参阅this answer来回答类似的问题。
另请参见this github issue询问类似问题。
使用一个真实世界的例子来总结上面提到的帖子，这个例子已经被消毒以保护版权所有者（我有一个REST端点，它使用@AutowiredDataSource，它需要使用动态属性来知道内存中的MySQL数据库正在使用哪个端口）：
1.你的测试必须声明初始化器（参见下面的@ContextConfiguration行）。

// standard spring-boot test stuff
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@ActiveProfiles("local")
@ContextConfiguration(
        classes = Application.class,
        // declare the initializer to use
        initializers = SpringTestDatabaseInitializer.class)
// use random management port as well so we don't conflict with other running tests
@TestPropertySource(properties = {"management.port=0"})
public class SomeSprintTest {
    @LocalServerPort
    private int randomLocalPort;

    @Value("${local.management.port}")
    private int randomManagementPort;

    @Test
    public void testThatDoesSomethingUseful() {
        // now ping your service that talks to the dynamic resource
    }
}

1.初始化器需要将动态属性添加到环境中。不要忘记为需要运行的任何清理添加一个关闭钩子。下面是一个使用自定义DatabaseObject类设置内存数据库的示例。

public class SpringTestDatabaseInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {

    private static final int INITIAL_PORT = 0; // bind to an ephemeral port
    private static final String DB_USERNAME = "username";
    private static final String DB_PASSWORD = "password-to-use";
    private static final String DB_SCHEMA_NAME = "default-schema";

    @Override
    public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        DatabaseObject databaseObject = new InMemoryDatabaseObject(INITIAL_PORT, DB_USERNAME, DB_PASSWORD, DB_SCHEMA_NAME);
        registerShutdownHook(databaseObject);
        int databasePort = startDatabase(databaseObject);
        addDatabasePropertiesToEnvironment(applicationContext, databasePort);
    }

    private static void addDatabasePropertiesToEnvironment(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext, int databasePort) {
        String url = String.format("jdbc:mysql://localhost:%s/%s", databasePort, DB_SCHEMA_NAME);
        System.out.println("Adding db props to environment for url: " + url);
        TestPropertySourceUtils.addInlinedPropertiesToEnvironment(
                applicationContext,
                "db.port=" + databasePort,
                "db.schema=" + DB_SCHEMA_NAME,
                "db.url=" + url,
                "db.username=" + DB_USERNAME,
                "db.password=" + DB_PASSWORD);
    }

    private static int startDatabase(DatabaseObject database) {
        try {
            database.start();
            return database.getBoundPort();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to start database", e);
        }
    }

    private static void registerShutdownHook(DatabaseObject databaseObject) {
        Runnable shutdownTask = () -> {
            try {
                int boundPort = databaseObject.getBoundPort();
                System.out.println("Shutting down database at port: " + boundPort);
                databaseObject.stop();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // nothing to do here
            }
        };

        Thread shutdownThread = new Thread(shutdownTask, "Database Shutdown Thread");
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownThread);
    }

}

当我查看日志时，它显示对于我使用这个初始化器类的两个测试，它们使用相同的对象（initialize方法只被调用一次，关闭钩子也是如此）。因此，它启动一个数据库，并让它运行，直到两个测试完成，然后关闭数据库。