在按“CLASS”分组后尝试使用any

library(dplyr) #version >= 1.1.0
df1 %>% 
   filter(any(VALUE >0), .by = CLASS)

• 输出

CLASS SAMPLE VALUE
1     A      X     1
2     B      X     1
3     C      X     1
4     A      Y     1
5     B      Y     1
6     C      Y     0
7     A      Z     1
8     B      Z     0
9     C      Z     0

数据

df1 <- structure(list(CLASS = c("A", "B", "C", "D", "A", "B", "C", "D", 
"A", "B", "C", "D"), SAMPLE = c("X", "X", "X", "X", "Y", "Y", 
"Y", "Y", "Z", "Z", "Z", "Z"), VALUE = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 
1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-12L))

下面是使用ave + subset的基本R选项

> subset(df,ave(VALUE, CLASS) > 0)
   CLASS SAMPLE VALUE
1      A      X     1
2      B      X     1
3      C      X     1
5      A      Y     1
6      B      Y     1
7      C      Y     0
9      A      Z     1
10     B      Z     0
11     C      Z     0