> d <- setNames( data.frame(a=1:10), a)
> d
   mycol
1      1
2      2
3      3
4      4
5      5
6      6
7      7
8      8
9      9
10    10

structure(data.frame(1:10),names="mycol")是否美观？：-）

创建后使用Colnames即可。例如

a <- "mycolA"
b<- "mycolB"
d <- data.frame(a=1:10, b=rnorm(1:10))
colnames(d)<-c(a,b)
d
mycolA     mycolB
 1 -1.5873866
 2 -0.4195322
 3 -0.9511075
 4  0.2259858
 5 -0.6619433
 6  3.4669774
 7  0.4087541
 8 -0.3891437
 9 -1.6163175
 10  0.7642909

简单解决方案：

df <- data.frame(1:5, letters[1:5])
logics <- c(T,T,F,F,T)
cities <- c("Warsaw","London","Paris","NY","Tokio")
m <- as.matrix(logics)
m2 <- as.matrix(cities)
name <- "MyCities"
colnames(m) <- deparse(substitute(logics))
colnames(m2) <- eval(name)
df<-cbind(df,m)
cbind(df,m2)

X1.5 letters.1.5. logics MyCities
1            a   TRUE   Warsaw
2            b   TRUE   London
3            c  FALSE    Paris
4            d  FALSE       NY
5            e   TRUE    Tokio