我正在将我的代码迁移到Java 20。
在这个版本中，java.net.URL #URL（java.lang.String）被弃用了。不幸的是，我有一个类，在那里我发现没有旧的URL构造函数的替代品。

package com.github.bottomlessarchive.loa.url.service.encoder;

import io.mola.galimatias.GalimatiasParseException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Optional;

/**
 * This service is responsible for encoding existing {@link URL} instances to valid
 * <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier">resource identifiers</a>.
 */
@Service
public class UrlEncoder {

    /**
     * Encodes the provided URL to a valid
     * <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier">resource identifier</a> and return
     * the new identifier as a URL.
     *
     * @param link the url to encode
     * @return the encoded url
     */
    public Optional<URL> encode(final String link) {
        try {
            final URL url = new URL(link);

            // We need to further validate the URL because the java.net.URL's validation is inadequate.
            validateUrl(url);

            return Optional.of(encodeUrl(url));
        } catch (GalimatiasParseException | MalformedURLException | URISyntaxException e) {
            return Optional.empty();
        }
    }

    private void validateUrl(final URL url) throws URISyntaxException {
        // This will trigger an URISyntaxException. It is needed because the constructor of java.net.URL doesn't always validate the
        // passed url correctly.
        new URI(url.getProtocol(), url.getUserInfo(), url.getHost(), url.getPort(), url.getPath(), url.getQuery(), url.getRef());
    }

    private URL encodeUrl(final URL url) throws GalimatiasParseException, MalformedURLException {
        return io.mola.galimatias.URL.parse(url.toString()).toJavaURL();
    }
}

幸运的是，我也为这个类做了测试：

package com.github.bottomlessarchive.loa.url.service.encoder;

import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.CsvSource;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Optional;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

class UrlEncoderTest {

    private final UrlEncoder underTest = new UrlEncoder();

    @ParameterizedTest
    @CsvSource(
            value = {
                    "http://www.example.com/?test=Hello world,http://www.example.com/?test=Hello%20world",
                    "http://www.example.com/?test=ŐÚőúŰÜűü,http://www.example.com/?test=%C5%90%C3%9A%C5%91%C3%BA%C5%B0%C3%9C%C5%B1%C3%BC",
                    "http://www.example.com/?test=random word £500 bank $,"
                            + "http://www.example.com/?test=random%20word%20%C2%A3500%20bank%20$",
                    "http://www.aquincum.hu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Aquincumi-F%C3%BCzetek_14_2008.pdf,"
                            + "http://www.aquincum.hu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Aquincumi-F%C3%BCzetek_14_2008.pdf",
                    "http://www.aquincum.hu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Aquincumi-F%C3%BCzetek_14 _2008.pdf,"
                            + "http://www.aquincum.hu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Aquincumi-F%C3%BCzetek_14%20_2008.pdf"
            }
    )
    void testEncodeWhenUsingValidUrls(final String urlToEncode, final String expected) throws MalformedURLException {
        final Optional<URL> result = underTest.encode(urlToEncode);

        assertThat(result)
                .contains(new URL(expected));
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @CsvSource(
            value = {
                    "http://промкаталог.рф/PublicDocuments/05-0211-00.pdf"
            }
    )
    void testEncodeWhenUsingInvalidUrls(final String urlToEncode) {
        final Optional<URL> result = underTest.encode(urlToEncode);

        assertThat(result)
                .isEmpty();
    }
}

它使用的唯一依赖项是galamatias URL库。
有没有人知道如何删除new URL(link)代码片段，同时保持功能不变？
我尝试了各种方法，例如使用java.net.URI#create，但它并没有产生与以前的解决方案完全相同的结果。例如，包含非编码字符（如http://www.example.com/?test=Hello world中的空格）的URL导致IllegalArgumentException。这是由URL类解析的，没有给出错误。（我的数据中包含了很多这样的链接）。另外，像http://промкаталог.рф/PublicDocuments/05-0211-00.pdf这样的URL转换失败的链接可以通过URI.create成功转换为URI。