您可以使用messageDelete事件，该事件在删除消息时触发。如果一个用户删除了另一个用户的消息，您可以检查审核日志。
首先，确保你有必要的意图：Guilds、GuildMembers和GuildMessages。您还需要partials：Channel、Message和GuildMember可以处理机器人上线前发送的消息。
一旦消息被删除，您就可以使用fetchAuditLogs方法来获取发送被删除消息的公会的审计日志。

const client = new Client({
  intents: [
    GatewayIntentBits.Guilds,
    GatewayIntentBits.GuildMembers,
    GatewayIntentBits.GuildMessages,
  ],
  partials: [
    Partials.Channel,
    Partials.GuildMember,
    Partials.Message,
  ],
});

client.on('messageDelete', async (message) => {
  const logs = await message.guild.fetchAuditLogs({
    type: AuditLogEvent.MessageDelete,
    limit: 1,
  });
  // logs.entries is a collection, so grab the first one
  const firstEntry = logs.entries.first();
  const { executorId, target, targetId } = firstEntry;
  // Ensure the executor is cached
  const user = await client.users.fetch(executorId);

  if (target) {
    // The message object is in the cache and you can provide a detailed log here
    console.log(`A message by ${target.tag} was deleted by ${user.tag}.`);
  } else {
    // The message object was not cached, but you can still retrieve some information
    console.log(`A message with id ${targetId} was deleted by ${user.tag}.`);
  }
});

在discord.js v14.8+中有一个新的事件，GuildAuditLogEntryCreate。只要你收到相应的审计日志事件（GuildAuditLogEntryCreate），你就可以找到谁删除了一条消息。它需要启用GuildModeration意图。

const { AuditLogEvent, Events } = require('discord.js');

client.on(Events.GuildAuditLogEntryCreate, async (auditLog) => {
  // Define your variables
  const { action, executorId, target, targetId } = auditLog;

  // Check only for deleted messages
  if (action !== AuditLogEvent.MessageDelete) return;

  // Ensure the executor is cached
  const user = await client.users.fetch(executorId);

  if (target) {
    // The message object is in the cache and you can provide a detailed log here
    console.log(`A message by ${target.tag} was deleted by ${user.tag}.`);
  } else {
    // The message object was not cached, but you can still retrieve some information
    console.log(`A message with id ${targetId} was deleted by ${user.tag}.`);
  }
});