在JavaScript中查找两个字符串之间的差异

0vvn1miw  于 2023-04-19  发布在  Java
关注(0)|答案(7)|浏览(263)

我需要找出两个字符串之间的区别。

const string1 = 'lebronjames';
const string2 = 'lebronnjames';

预期的输出是找到额外的n并将其记录到控制台。
在JavaScript中有没有办法做到这一点?

kxkpmulp

kxkpmulp1#

另一个选择,对于更复杂的差异检查,是利用PatienceDiff算法。我将此算法移植到Javascript中。
https://github.com/jonTrent/PatienceDiff
虽然该算法通常用于文本的逐行比较(如计算机程序),但它仍然可以用于逐字符比较。例如,要比较两个字符串,您可以执行以下操作...

let a = "thelebronnjamist";
let b = "the lebron james";

let difference = patienceDiff( a.split(""), b.split("") );

...其中difference.lines被设置为具有比较结果的数组...

difference.lines: Array(19)

0: {line: "t", aIndex: 0, bIndex: 0}
1: {line: "h", aIndex: 1, bIndex: 1}
2: {line: "e", aIndex: 2, bIndex: 2}
3: {line: " ", aIndex: -1, bIndex: 3}
4: {line: "l", aIndex: 3, bIndex: 4}
5: {line: "e", aIndex: 4, bIndex: 5}
6: {line: "b", aIndex: 5, bIndex: 6}
7: {line: "r", aIndex: 6, bIndex: 7}
8: {line: "o", aIndex: 7, bIndex: 8}
9: {line: "n", aIndex: 8, bIndex: 9}
10: {line: "n", aIndex: 9, bIndex: -1}
11: {line: " ", aIndex: -1, bIndex: 10}
12: {line: "j", aIndex: 10, bIndex: 11}
13: {line: "a", aIndex: 11, bIndex: 12}
14: {line: "m", aIndex: 12, bIndex: 13}
15: {line: "i", aIndex: 13, bIndex: -1}
16: {line: "e", aIndex: -1, bIndex: 14}
17: {line: "s", aIndex: 14, bIndex: 15}
18: {line: "t", aIndex: 15, bIndex: -1}

aIndex === -1bIndex === -1表示两个字符串之间的差异。具体来说...

  • 元素3表示在b的位置3中找到字符““。
  • 元素10指示在a中的位置9中找到字符“n”。
  • 元素11指示在b中的位置10找到字符““。
  • 元素15指示在位置13的a中找到字符“i”。
  • 元素16指示在位置14的b中找到字符“e”。
  • 元素18指示在a中的位置15处找到字符“t”。

请注意,PatienceDiff算法对于比较两个相似的文本或字符串块非常有用。它不会告诉您是否发生了基本编辑。例如,以下...

let a = "james lebron";
let b = "lebron james";

let difference = patienceDiff( a.split(""), b.split("") );

...返回difference.lines,其中包含...

difference.lines: Array(18)

0: {line: "j", aIndex: 0, bIndex: -1}
1: {line: "a", aIndex: 1, bIndex: -1}
2: {line: "m", aIndex: 2, bIndex: -1}
3: {line: "e", aIndex: 3, bIndex: -1}
4: {line: "s", aIndex: 4, bIndex: -1}
5: {line: " ", aIndex: 5, bIndex: -1}
6: {line: "l", aIndex: 6, bIndex: 0}
7: {line: "e", aIndex: 7, bIndex: 1}
8: {line: "b", aIndex: 8, bIndex: 2}
9: {line: "r", aIndex: 9, bIndex: 3}
10: {line: "o", aIndex: 10, bIndex: 4}
11: {line: "n", aIndex: 11, bIndex: 5}
12: {line: " ", aIndex: -1, bIndex: 6}
13: {line: "j", aIndex: -1, bIndex: 7}
14: {line: "a", aIndex: -1, bIndex: 8}
15: {line: "m", aIndex: -1, bIndex: 9}
16: {line: "e", aIndex: -1, bIndex: 10}
17: {line: "s", aIndex: -1, bIndex: 11}

请注意,PatienceDiff并不报告名字和姓氏的交换,而是提供一个结果,显示从a中删除了哪些字符,以及向b添加了哪些字符,最终得到b的结果。

编辑:新增算法 patienceDiffPlus

在仔细考虑了上面提供的最后一个例子后,显示了PatienceDiff在识别可能移动的行方面的局限性,我突然意识到,有一种优雅的方法可以使用PatienceDiff算法来确定是否有任何行确实可能移动,而不仅仅是显示删除和添加。
简而言之,我添加了patienceDiffPlus算法js文件的底部。patienceDiffPlus算法从初始patienceDiff算法中获取删除的aLines[]和添加的bLines[],并再次通过patienceDiff算法运行它们。即,patienceDiffPlus正在寻找可能移动的行的最长公共子序列,因此它将其记录在原始patienceDiff结果中。patienceDiffPlus算法将继续此操作,直到没有找到更多移动的行。
现在,使用patienceDiffPlus,下面的比较...

let a = "james lebron";
let b = "lebron james";

let difference = patienceDiffPlus( a.split(""), b.split("") );

...返回difference.lines,其中包含...

difference.lines: Array(18)

0: {line: "j", aIndex: 0, bIndex: -1, moved: true}
1: {line: "a", aIndex: 1, bIndex: -1, moved: true}
2: {line: "m", aIndex: 2, bIndex: -1, moved: true}
3: {line: "e", aIndex: 3, bIndex: -1, moved: true}
4: {line: "s", aIndex: 4, bIndex: -1, moved: true}
5: {line: " ", aIndex: 5, bIndex: -1, moved: true}
6: {line: "l", aIndex: 6, bIndex: 0}
7: {line: "e", aIndex: 7, bIndex: 1}
8: {line: "b", aIndex: 8, bIndex: 2}
9: {line: "r", aIndex: 9, bIndex: 3}
10: {line: "o", aIndex: 10, bIndex: 4}
11: {line: "n", aIndex: 11, bIndex: 5}
12: {line: " ", aIndex: 5, bIndex: 6, moved: true}
13: {line: "j", aIndex: 0, bIndex: 7, moved: true}
14: {line: "a", aIndex: 1, bIndex: 8, moved: true}
15: {line: "m", aIndex: 2, bIndex: 9, moved: true}
16: {line: "e", aIndex: 3, bIndex: 10, moved: true}
17: {line: "s", aIndex: 4, bIndex: 11, moved: true}

请注意添加的moved属性,它标识行(或本例中的字符)是否可能被移动。同样,patienceDiffPlus只是匹配删除的aLines[]和添加的bLines[],因此不能保证行确实被移动,但很有可能它们确实被移动了。

qvtsj1bj

qvtsj1bj2#

这将返回两个字符串之间的第一个差值
例如lebronjameslebronnjamesn

const string1 = 'lebronjames';
const string2 = 'lebronnjabes';


const findFirstDiff = (str1, str2) =>
  str2[[...str1].findIndex((el, index) => el !== str2[index])];


// equivalent of 

const findFirstDiff2 = function(str1, str2) {
  return str2[[...str1].findIndex(function(el, index) {
    return el !== str2[index]
  })];
}



console.log(findFirstDiff2(string1, string2));
console.log(findFirstDiff(string1, string2));
qnzebej0

qnzebej03#

function getDifference(a, b)
    {
        var i = 0;
        var j = 0;
        var result = "";

        while (j < b.length)
        {
         if (a[i] != b[j] || i == a.length)
             result += b[j];
         else
             i++;
         j++;
        }
        return result;
    }
    console.log(getDifference("lebronjames", "lebronnjames"));
l2osamch

l2osamch4#

对于那些想要返回两个字符串之间的第一个差异的人,可以像这样调整它:

排序查找

const getDifference = (s, t) => {
  s = [...s].sort();
  t = [...t].sort();
  return t.find((char, i) => char !== s[i]);
};

console.log(getDifference('lebronjames', 'lebronnjames'));
console.log(getDifference('abc', 'abcd'));

添加CharCode

const getDifference = (s, t) => {
  let sum = t.charCodeAt(t.length - 1);
  for (let j = 0; j < s.length; j++) {
    sum -= s.charCodeAt(j);
    sum += t.charCodeAt(j);
  }
  return String.fromCharCode(sum);
};

console.log(getDifference('lebronjames', 'lebronnjames'));
console.log(getDifference('abc', 'abcd'));
ryevplcw

ryevplcw5#

function findDifference(s, t) {

  if(s === '') return t;

  
  
  // this is useless and can be omitted.
  for(let i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
    if(!s.split('').includes(t[i])) {
      return t[i];
    }
  }
  // this is useless and can be omitted.

  
  // (if the additional letter exists)
  // cache them, count values, different values of the same letter would give the answer.

  const obj_S = {};
  const obj_T = {};

  for(let i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
    if(!obj_S[s[i]]) {
      obj_S[s[i]] = 1;
    }else {
      obj_S[s[i]]++;
    }
  }
  
  for(let i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
    if(!obj_T[t[i]]) {
      obj_T[t[i]] = 1;
    }else {
      obj_T[t[i]]++;
    }
  }

  for(const key in obj_T) {
    if(obj_T[key] !== obj_S[key]) {
      return key
    }
  }

}

// if more than 1 letter -> store the values and the return, logic stays the same.

console.log(findDifference('john', 'johny')) // --> y
console.log(findDifference('bbcc', 'bbbcc')) //--> b

实际上,第一部分可以省略(第一个for循环)我对边缘情况的解决方案解决了整个问题,因为如果值不存在,它将是未定义的,并且count!== undefined将返回字母...

mepcadol

mepcadol6#

var findTheDifference = function(s, t) {
  let res = [...s].sort();
  let res1 = [...t].sort();
  let j = 0;
  while (j < res1.length) {
    if (res[j] != res1[j]) {
      return res1[j];
    }
    j++;
  }
};

console.log(findTheDifference("a", "aa"))
c9qzyr3d

c9qzyr3d7#

我的方法来获得两个字符串之间的差异。我希望这个函数能帮助一些人:

function getDifferences(a, b){
  
  let result = {
    state : true,
    diffs : []
  }

  if(a===b) return result;
  
  result.state = false;

  for (let index = 0; index < a.length; index++) {
    if (a[index] !== b[index]) {
        result.diffs.push({index: index, old: a[index], new: b[index]})
    }
  }
  
  return result;
}

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