您所询问的是关于在使用PK和FK的表之间建立和使用relationship。主要是一个（详细）表中的FK引用另一个（主）表中的PK。要做到这一点，你首先应该有主表-也许像这样：

--------------------------------------------------------
--
--  DDL for Table TABLE3  -  from SQLDeveloper
--------------------------------------------------------
  CREATE TABLE "SomeUser"."TABLE3" 
   (    "ID_3" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE), 
        "SOME_T3_COL" VARCHAR2(20 BYTE)
   ) 
--
--  DDL for Index TABLE3_PK
  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SomeUser"."TABLE3_PK" ON "SomeUser"."TABLE3" ("ID_3");
--
--  Constraints for Table TABLE3
  ALTER TABLE "SomeUser"."TABLE3" MODIFY ("ID_3" NOT NULL ENABLE);
  ALTER TABLE "SomeUser"."TABLE3" ADD CONSTRAINT "TABLE3_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("ID_3");

现在您有了定义PK的“主”表。..下一步-你需要“细节”表与FK指的是主人的PK

--------------------------------------------------------
--
--  DDL for Table TABLE1  -  from SQLDeveloper
--------------------------------------------------------
  CREATE TABLE "SomeUser"."TABLE1" 
   (    "ID_1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE), 
        "SOME_T1_COL" VARCHAR2(50 BYTE), 
        "FK_TO_ID_3" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE)
   );
--
--  DDL for Index TABLE1_PK
  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SomeUser"."TABLE1_PK" ON "SomeUser"."TABLE1" ("ID_1");
--
--  Constraints for Table TABLE1
  ALTER TABLE "SomeUser"."TABLE1" MODIFY ("ID_1" NOT NULL ENABLE);
  ALTER TABLE "SomeUser"."TABLE1" ADD CONSTRAINT "TABLE1_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("ID_1");
--
--  Ref Constraints for Table TABLE1
  ALTER TABLE "SomeUser"."TABLE1" ADD CONSTRAINT "TABLE1_FK1" FOREIGN KEY ("ID_1")
      REFERENCES "SomeUser"."TABLE3" ("ID_3") ENABLE;

现在，您可以插入行，记住，应先插入主行，然后再插入与主行相关的详细信息行：

Insert Into TABLE3 VALUES('a', 'some a data');    -- first insert row to the master table
Insert Into TABLE1 VALUES('a', 'some t1_a data reffering to t3PK_a --> ', 'a');   -- now you can insert detail row reffering to the master table's PK
Commit;

Insert Into TABLE3 VALUES('b', 'some b data');
Insert Into TABLE1 VALUES('b', 'some t1_b data reffering to t3PK_b --> ', 'b');
Commit;

--
--  test it:
Select t3.ID_3, t3.SOME_T3_COL, t1.SOME_T1_col, t1.FK_TO_ID_3
From TABLE3 t3
Inner Join TABLE1 t1 ON(t1.FK_TO_ID_3 = t3.ID_3);
--
--  R e s u l t:
ID_3 SOME_T3_COL          SOME_T1_COL                                        FK_TO_ID_3
---- -------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------
a    some a data          some t1_a data reffering to t3PK_a -->             a
b    some b data          some t1_b data reffering to t3PK_b -->             b

如果您有表和示例数据：

CREATE TABLE table3 (
  a NUMBER,
  b NUMBER,
  c NUMBER,
  d NUMBER,
  PRIMARY KEY (a, b, c, d)
);

CREATE TABLE table2 (
  a NUMBER,
  b NUMBER,
  c NUMBER,
  d NUMBER,
  e NUMBER,
  f NUMBER
);

CREATE TABLE table1 (
  a,
  b,
  c,
  d,
  e NUMBER,
  f NUMBER,
  g NUMBER,
  CONSTRAINT table1__a_b_c_d_e_f_g__pk PRIMARY KEY (a, b, c, d, e, f, g),
  CONSTRAINT table1__a_b_c_d__fk FOREIGN KEY (a, b, c, d) REFERENCES table3 (a, b, c, d)
);

INSERT INTO table2 (a, b, c, d, e, f) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
INSERT INTO table2 (a, b, c, d, e, f) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2);

试着（根据你的评论）用途：

INSERT INTO table1 (a, b, c, d, e, f)
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f FROM table2

然后你会得到错误：

ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCHEMA_NAME"."TABLE1"."G")

因为您尚未指定g的值。
如果为g指定值：

INSERT INTO table1 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g)
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, 42 FROM table2

然后你会得到错误：

ORA-02291: integrity constraint (FIDDLE_MEFJVYJLMUQDENAEVHVX.TABLE1__A_B_C_D__FK) violated - parent key not found

因为外键约束在引用的表中找不到匹配的值。
然后，如果将值插入table3，以便有一行供参照约束引用：

MERGE INTO table3 dst
USING ( SELECT DISTINCT a, b, c, d FROM table2 ) src
ON (src.a = dst.a AND src.b = dst.b AND src.c = dst.c AND src.d = dst.d)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  INSERT (a, b, c, d)
  VALUES (src.a, src.b, src.c, src.d);

然后：

INSERT INTO table1 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g)
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, 42 FROM table2

工作。
fiddle

首先将数据插入父表，然后复制主表的主键并将数据作为外键发送到子表。
关键点-。别忘了承诺。在步骤中插入数据。先是主人，然后是孩子。如果你这样做只是为了学习。我会建议你禁用键。首先只学习DML部分。之后，您可以尝试使用约束。