Android以编程方式添加的ConstraintLayout未显示在屏幕上

rqmkfv5c  于 2023-05-05  发布在  Android
关注(0)|答案(2)|浏览(299)

我试图创建一个系统的布局图,它非常类似于一个表,因此,我试图创建一个具有行和列的约束布局(我可能需要用线连接,因此,垂直/水平布局不是最适合它)。
此外,由于系统的大小不同,只有在运行时才知道,所以我必须以编程方式绘制布局。
我在构造这样一个ConstraintLayout时遇到了一个问题--即使我已经将所有元素添加到布局中,它也不会在屏幕上呈现它们。
我正在使用Android Pie(API级别28,为使用它的特定设备创建)和Java 8。
我已经遵循了以下文章中给出的说明:

  1. https://spin.atomicobject.com/2019/04/08/constraintlayout-chaining-views-programmatically/
  2. https://www.zoftino.com/adding-views-&-constraints-to-android-constraint-layout-programmatically
    附加我的代码的简化版本(仍然不起作用)。
    代码执行以下操作:
    1.创建一些模型数据
    1.对于每行:
    2.1.根据行中的数字创建按钮并将其添加到常规布局中
    2.2.使用常规ConstrainSet 连接按钮
    2.3.创建一个链出的按钮在当前行(因为我希望这些是在同一海拔)
    2.4.将数字0的底部连接到前一行(或连接到屏幕的顶部,这些是每行的“中心”)
    代码是:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private final static String logTag = "Main Test";
    private final static int    NUM_OF_ROWS = 5;

    private List<List<Integer>> mLayoutNums;
    private ConstraintLayout mScreenLayout;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mScreenLayout = findViewById(R.id.main_layout);

        createMockupData();

        drawBuildingLayout();
    }

    private void createMockupData() {
        mLayoutNums = new ArrayList<>(NUM_OF_ROWS);
        /*
            The output should be as follows:

            [2, 0, 1, 3]
               [0]
               [0, 1]
            [1, 0, 2, 3, 4]
               [0, 1, 2]
         */
        mLayoutNums.add(Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2));
        mLayoutNums.add(Arrays.asList(1, 0, 2, 3, 4));
        mLayoutNums.add(Arrays.asList(0, 1));
        mLayoutNums.add(Arrays.asList(0));
        mLayoutNums.add(Arrays.asList(2, 0, 1, 3));
    }

    private void drawBuildingLayout() {
        ConstraintSet conSet = new ConstraintSet();
        conSet.clone(mScreenLayout);

        int[] centerIds = new int[NUM_OF_ROWS];

        for (int row = NUM_OF_ROWS - 1; row >= 0; --row) {
            List<Integer> numsInRow = mLayoutNums.get(row);
            addSingleRow(row, numsInRow, conSet, centerIds);
        }

        // connect last row to the bottom
        conSet.connect(ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                       ConstraintSet.BOTTOM,
                       centerIds[0],
                       ConstraintSet.BOTTOM);

        conSet.createVerticalChain(ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                                   ConstraintSet.TOP,
                                   ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                                   ConstraintSet.BOTTOM,
                                   centerIds,
                                   null,
                                   ConstraintSet.CHAIN_SPREAD);

        conSet.applyTo(mScreenLayout);
        Log.i(logTag, "the screen should be shown now: " + mScreenLayout.isShown());
    }

    private void addSingleRow(int row,
                              List<Integer> numsInRow,
                              ConstraintSet conSet,
                              int[] centerIds) {
        if (numsInRow.size() > 1) {
            addMultipleNumsRow(row, numsInRow, conSet, centerIds);
        }
        else if (numsInRow.size() == 1){
            addSingleNumRow(row, numsInRow.get(0), conSet, centerIds);
        }
    }

    private void connectToPrevRow(int row, ConstraintSet conSet, int[] centerIds) {
        if (row < NUM_OF_ROWS - 1) {
            conSet.connect(centerIds[row + 1],
                           ConstraintSet.BOTTOM,
                           centerIds[row],
                           ConstraintSet.TOP);
        } else if (row == NUM_OF_ROWS - 1) {
            conSet.connect(ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                           ConstraintSet.TOP,
                           centerIds[row],
                           ConstraintSet.TOP);
        }
    }

    private void connectAndChainRow(int[] rowButtonIds,
                                    ConstraintSet conSet) {
        // First button will be attached to the left side of the parent
        int leftNeighborId = ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID;
        int leftNeighborSide = ConstraintSet.LEFT;

        for (int col = 0; col < rowButtonIds.length; ++col) {
            conSet.connect(leftNeighborId,
                           leftNeighborSide,
                           rowButtonIds[col],
                           ConstraintSet.LEFT);

            leftNeighborId = rowButtonIds[col];
            leftNeighborSide = ConstraintSet.RIGHT;
        }

        // Connecting to the right side of the parent
        conSet.connect(leftNeighborId,
                       leftNeighborSide,
                       ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                       ConstraintSet.RIGHT);

        conSet.createHorizontalChain(ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                                     ConstraintSet.LEFT,
                                     ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                                     ConstraintSet.RIGHT,
                                     rowButtonIds,
                                     null,
                                     ConstraintSet.CHAIN_SPREAD);
    }

    private void addMultipleNumsRow(int row,
                                    List<Integer> numsInRow,
                                    ConstraintSet conSet,
                                    int[] centerIds) {
        int[] buttonsIds = new int[numsInRow.size()];

        for (int pos = 0; pos < numsInRow.size(); ++pos) {
            int col = numsInRow.get(pos);
            Button button = createButton(row, col);

            button.setLayoutParams(new ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams(ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
                                                                                ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));

            int currButtonId = button.getId();
            buttonsIds[pos] = currButtonId;
            mScreenLayout.addView(button);

            if (pos == 0) {
                centerIds[row] = currButtonId;
            }
        }

        connectAndChainRow(buttonsIds, conSet);

        connectToPrevRow(row, conSet, centerIds);

        Log.i(logTag, "Created constrain chain and buttons for row: "
                      + row + " number of columns: "
                      + numsInRow.size());
    }

    private void addSingleNumRow(int row,
                                 int num,
                                 ConstraintSet conSet,
                                 int[] centerIds) {
        Button button = createButton(row, num);
        button.setLayoutParams(new ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams(ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
                                                                        ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));

        mScreenLayout.addView(button);

        centerIds[row] = button.getId();

        conSet.connect(button.getId(), ConstraintSet.LEFT, ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID, ConstraintSet.LEFT);
        conSet.connect(button.getId(), ConstraintSet.RIGHT, ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID, ConstraintSet.RIGHT);

        connectToPrevRow(row, conSet, centerIds);
    }

    private Button createButton(int row, int col) {
        Button resButton = new Button(this);

        resButton.setTextAlignment(Button.TEXT_ALIGNMENT_CENTER);
        resButton.setText(String.format("(%d, %d)", row, col));

        resButton.setId(View.generateViewId());

        return resButton;
    }
}
4sup72z8

4sup72z81#

在添加视图之前,您将克隆 ConstraintSet。因此,视图id不会出现在 ConstraintSet 中,并且无法连接。
尝试将下面的行移动到for循环之后。

conSet.clone(mScreenLayout);

这可能不会解决所有的问题,但它会帮助你开始。
顺便说一句,如果你还不知道它,“布局检查器”(工具-〉布局检查器)是一个很好的方式来看看你的布局从模拟器或设备。

daolsyd0

daolsyd02#

我在代码中发现了一些问题。
首先是Cheticamp指出的bug。我需要调用ConstraintSet.clone()函数,只有在**我已经将 * 所有 * 按钮添加到布局中之后。
然而,在我改变了顺序之后,我仍然把所有的按钮都排在一行,在屏幕的顶部。为了解决这个问题,我不得不为所有按钮添加另一个约束-对于行 R 中的每个按钮,将它的 * 底部 * 连接到该行中心按钮的 * 底部 *,因此所有按钮都将在同一行中对齐。
这解决了我在这段代码中的主要问题!
以下是我的完整工作代码(如果需要,供其他人参考):

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private final static String logTag = "Main Test";
    private final static int    NUM_OF_ROWS = 5;

    private List<List<Integer>> mLayoutNums;
    private int[][]             mButtonIds;
    private ConstraintLayout    mScreenLayout;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mScreenLayout = findViewById(R.id.main_layout);

        mButtonIds = new int[NUM_OF_ROWS][];

        createMockupData();

        drawBuildingLayout();
    }

    private void createMockupData() {
        mLayoutNums = new ArrayList<>(NUM_OF_ROWS);
        /*
            The output should be as follows:

            [2, 0, 1, 3]
               [0]
               [0, 1]
            [1, 0, 2, 3, 4]
               [0, 1, 2]

            Total: 15 stations
         */
        mLayoutNums.add(Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2));
        mLayoutNums.add(Arrays.asList(1, 0, 2, 3, 4));
        mLayoutNums.add(Arrays.asList(0, 1));
        mLayoutNums.add(Arrays.asList(0));
        mLayoutNums.add(Arrays.asList(2, 0, 1, 3));
    }

    private void drawBuildingLayout() {
        ConstraintSet conSet = new ConstraintSet();

        int[] centerIds = new int[NUM_OF_ROWS];

        for (int row = NUM_OF_ROWS - 1; row >= 0; --row) {
            List<Integer> numsInRow = mLayoutNums.get(row);
            addSingleRow(row, numsInRow, centerIds);
        }

        conSet.clone(mScreenLayout);

        for (int row = 0; row < NUM_OF_ROWS; ++row) {
            if (mButtonIds[row].length > 1) {
                connectAndChainRow(mButtonIds[row], centerIds[row], conSet);
            } else {
                conSet.centerHorizontally(centerIds[row], ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID);
            }
        }

        connectRows(conSet, centerIds);

        conSet.createVerticalChain(ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                                   ConstraintSet.TOP,
                                   ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                                   ConstraintSet.BOTTOM,
                                   centerIds,
                                   null,
                                   ConstraintSet.CHAIN_SPREAD);

        conSet.applyTo(mScreenLayout);
        Log.i(logTag, "the screen should be shown now: " + mScreenLayout.isShown());
    }

    private void addSingleRow(int row,
                              List<Integer> numsInRow,
                              int[] centerIds) {
        if (numsInRow.size() > 1) {
            addMultipleNumsRow(row, numsInRow, centerIds);
        }
        else if (numsInRow.size() == 1){
            addSingleNumRow(row, numsInRow.get(0), centerIds);
        }
    }

    private void connectRows(ConstraintSet conSet, int[] centerIds) {
        conSet.connect(ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                       ConstraintSet.BOTTOM,
                       centerIds[0],
                       ConstraintSet.BOTTOM);

        for (int row = 0; row < NUM_OF_ROWS - 1; ++row) {
                conSet.connect(centerIds[row],
                               ConstraintSet.TOP,
                               centerIds[row + 1],
                               ConstraintSet.BOTTOM);
            }

        conSet.connect(centerIds[NUM_OF_ROWS - 1],
                       ConstraintSet.TOP,
                       ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                       ConstraintSet.TOP);
    }

    private void connectAndChainRow(int[] rowButtonIds,
                                    int centerId,
                                    ConstraintSet conSet) {
        // First button will be attached to the left side of the parent
        conSet.connect(ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                       ConstraintSet.LEFT,
                       rowButtonIds[0],
                       ConstraintSet.LEFT);

        for (int col = 0; col < rowButtonIds.length - 1; ++col) {
            conSet.connect(rowButtonIds[col],
                           ConstraintSet.RIGHT,
                           rowButtonIds[col + 1],
                           ConstraintSet.LEFT);

            if (rowButtonIds[col] != centerId) {
                conSet.connect(rowButtonIds[col],
                               ConstraintSet.BOTTOM,
                               centerId,
                               ConstraintSet.BOTTOM);
            }
        }

        if (rowButtonIds[rowButtonIds.length - 1] != centerId) {
            conSet.connect(rowButtonIds[rowButtonIds.length - 1],
                           ConstraintSet.BOTTOM,
                           centerId,
                           ConstraintSet.BOTTOM);
        }

        // Connecting to the right side of the parent
        conSet.connect(rowButtonIds[rowButtonIds.length - 1],
                       ConstraintSet.RIGHT,
                       ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                       ConstraintSet.RIGHT);

        conSet.createHorizontalChain(ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                                     ConstraintSet.LEFT,
                                     ConstraintSet.PARENT_ID,
                                     ConstraintSet.RIGHT,
                                     rowButtonIds,
                                     null,
                                     ConstraintSet.CHAIN_SPREAD);
    }

    private void addMultipleNumsRow(int row,
                                    List<Integer> numsInRow,
                                    int[] centerIds) {
        mButtonIds[row] = new int[numsInRow.size()];

        for (int pos = 0; pos < numsInRow.size(); ++pos) {
            int col = numsInRow.get(pos);
            Button button = createButton(row, col);

            button.setLayoutParams(new ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams(ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
                                                                     ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));

            int currButtonId = button.getId();
            mButtonIds[row][pos] = currButtonId;
            mScreenLayout.addView(button);

            if (pos == 0) {
                centerIds[row] = currButtonId;
            }
        }

        Log.i(logTag, "Created constrain chain and buttons for row: "
                      + row + " number of columns: "
                      + numsInRow.size());
    }

    private void addSingleNumRow(int row,
                                 int num,
                                 int[] centerIds) {
        Button button = createButton(row, num);
        button.setLayoutParams(new ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams(ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
                                                                 ConstraintLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));

        mScreenLayout.addView(button);

        mButtonIds[row] = new int[1];
        mButtonIds[row][0] = button.getId();

        centerIds[row] = button.getId();
    }

    private Button createButton(int row, int col) {
        Button resButton = new Button(this);

        resButton.setTextAlignment(Button.TEXT_ALIGNMENT_CENTER);
        resButton.setText(String.format("(%d, %d)", row, col));

        resButton.setId(View.generateViewId());

        return resButton;
    }
}

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