你可以使用match all和一个正则表达式来提取它：

const testString = `
some other stuff here href="/department/company/3434?        
href="/department/company/254888?    <p>Yes indeed</p>
<h1 href="/department/company/87879?>A title or something</h1> 
`;

const matches = testString.matchAll(/department\/company\/([^?]+)\?/gm);

for (let match of matches) {
  console.log(match[1]);
}