有一个使用numpy数组的解决方案，col_name是一个包含值的变量，new_col_name是布尔列的名称：

def checker(df, col_name, new_col_name, n):
       vals = df[col_name].to_numpy()
       bools = [(vals[i] < vals[max(i - n, 0) : i]).all() 
           and (vals[i] < vals[i + 1 : min(i + n + 1, vals.size)]).all() 
           for i in range(vals.size)]
       df[new_col_name] = bools
       return df

我们首先使用滚动窗口计算前一个最小值，然后反转 Dataframe ，并在反转的 Dataframe 上使用滚动计算下一个最小值：

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'value': np.random.randint(0, 100, size=(10))})

n = 2 
df['less_than_neighbors'] = False
df_reversed = df[::-1]
df['min_prev'] = df['value'].rolling(window=n, min_periods=n, closed='left').min()
df['min_next'] = df_reversed['value'].rolling(window=n, min_periods=n, closed='left').min()

df.loc[ ( (df['value']  < df['min_prev']) & (df['value']  < df['min_next'])), 'less_than_neighbors'] = True

#df.drop(columns=['min_prev', 'min_next'], inplace=True)
print(df)