将第二列添加到第一个选择中

insert into
atransportordercustomfieldv (ID,CFBOOLEAN2)
select transord.nr,0 
from transord
left join consignment on consignment.ASENDUNGID = transord.sendungid
left join order on consignment.akopfnr = order.nr
left join atransportordercustomfieldv af on transord.nr = af.id
where order.frachtagnr = 2418850 and transord.nr not in (select id from atransportordercustomfieldv WHERE ID not in (select transord.nr from transord
left join consignment on transord.ASENDUNGID = consignment .sendungid
left join order on consignment.akopfnr = order.nr
left join atransportordercustomfieldv af on transord.nr = af.id
where order.frachtagnr = 2418850)

有两种方法可以使用insert语句将行插入到表中：

• insert into <table_name> (<column_list>) values (<corresponding list of values>);-插入单行
• insert into <table_name> (<column_list>) select <corresponding list of columns from <table(s)/subqueries/etc>;-插入select语句返回的行数（0到多行）

您在问题中提供的示例语句以某种方式将这两个方法合并到一个（无效）insert语句中。
由于您有多行要插入，并且有一个select语句生成这些行，因此您希望使用第二种方法（根据@nbk的答案）：

INSERT INTO atransportordercustomfieldv (id, cfboolean2)
SELECT transord.nr,
       0
FROM   transord
LEFT   JOIN consignment
ON     consignment.asendungid = transord.sendungid
LEFT   JOIN ORDER ON consignment.akopfnr = order.nr
LEFT   JOIN atransportordercustomfieldv af
ON     transord.nr = af.id
WHERE  order.frachtagnr = 2418850
AND    transord.nr NOT IN (SELECT id
                           FROM   atransportordercustomfieldv
                           WHERE  id NOT IN (SELECT transord.nr
                                             FROM   transord
                                             LEFT   JOIN consignment
                                             ON     transord.asendungid = consignment.sendungid
                                             LEFT   JOIN ORDER ON consignment.akopfnr = order.nr
                                             LEFT   JOIN atransportordercustomfieldv af
                                             ON     transord.nr = af.id
                                             WHERE  order.frachtagnr = 2418850));

根据子查询中的逻辑是否正确，您可能可以在仅插入的merge语句中执行相同的操作，但看看您的查询，似乎不太可能。
但是，如果您的需求是从transord表及其连接（顺便说一句，您不需要所有这些-您没有使用atransportordercustomfieldv表/视图中的任何内容）中插入尚未存在于atransportordercustomfieldv表/视图中的id，则可能会有以下内容：

MERGE INTO atransportordercustomfieldv tgt
USING (SELECT transord.nr
       FROM   transord
       LEFT   JOIN consignment
       ON     consignment.asendungid = transord.sendungid
       LEFT   JOIN ORDER ON consignment.akopfnr = order.nr
       WHERE  order.frachtagnr = 2418850) src
  ON (tgt.id = src.nr)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
  INSERT (tgt.id, tgt.cfboolean2)
  VALUES (src.nr, 0);