您可以将所有列值转换为字符串，然后UNPIVOT：

SELECT details
FROM   ( SELECT name,
                TO_CHAR(age) AS age,
                TO_CHAR(salary) AS salary,
                designation,
                course,
                TO_CHAR(join_date, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') AS join_date
         FROM   employee
         WHERE  name = 'A')
       UNPIVOT(
         details
         FOR type IN (NAME, AGE, SALARY, DESIGNATION, COURSE, JOIN_DATE)
       );

对于您的示例数据：

CREATE TABLE employee (NAME, AGE, SALARY, DESIGNATION, COURSE, JOIN_DATE) AS
SELECT 'A',24,2400,'Sr','Developer', DATE '2023-06-10' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 'B',24,2400,'Jr','Developer', DATE '2023-06-10' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 'C',24,2400,'Tr','Developer', DATE '2023-06-10' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 'D',24,2400,'Sr','Developer', DATE '2023-06-10' FROM DUAL;

输出：
| 详细信息|
| --------------|
| 一个|
| 二十四|
| 两千四百|
| 锶|
| 开发人员|
| 2019 -06-10 00：00：00|
如果要插入到另一个表中，则使用INSERT INTO table_name (columns) SELECT ...。
fiddle