SimpleDialog是StatelessWidget，StatelessWidget无法更改其状态。
创建StatefulWidget并从构建器返回。在此之后，状态的变化将起作用。

根据您的情况，对话框已经构建，因此setState将永远无法重新构建它，
所以，这里是使用StatefulBuilder的替代方案，此小部件允许您强制重建对话框。请检查下面的代码：

Future<void> _showFilterDialog() async {
  await showDialog<void>(
    context: context,
    builder: (BuildContext context) {
      bool sortOptionOneSelected = false;
      bool sortOptionTwoSelected = false;
      Color sortOptionOneColor = Colors.white54;
      Color sortOptionTwoColor = Colors.white54;
      return StatefulBuilder( ///**StatefulBuilder**
        builder: (context, setState) {
          return SimpleDialog(
            title: const Text('Sort and filter the History'),
            children: [
              Column(
                mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
                children: [
                  Row(
                    mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.start,
                    children: [
                      const Text(
                        "Sort By : ",
                        style: TextStyle(
                          fontSize: 20,
                          fontFamily: 'EastMan',
                          fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
                        ),
                      ),
                      InkWell(
                        onTap: () {
                          if (sortOptionOneColor == Colors.white54) {
                            sortOptionOneSelected = true;
                            setState(() {
                              sortOptionOneColor = Colors.greenAccent;
                            });
                          } else {
                            sortOptionOneSelected = false;
                            setState(() {
                              sortOptionOneColor = Colors.white54;
                            });
                          }
                        },
                        child: FilterOptionMaterial(
                          color: sortOptionOneColor,
                          txt: 'By Date',
                        ),
                      ),
                      const SizedBox(
                        width: 10,
                      ),
                      InkWell(
                        onTap: () {
                          if (sortOptionTwoColor == Colors.white54) {
                            sortOptionTwoSelected = true;
                            setState(() {
                              sortOptionTwoColor = Colors.greenAccent;
                            });
                          } else {
                            sortOptionTwoSelected = false;
                            setState(() {
                              sortOptionTwoColor = Colors.white54;
                            });
                          }
                        },
                        child: FilterOptionMaterial(
                          color: sortOptionTwoColor,
                          txt: 'By Alphabet',
                        ),
                      ),
                    ],
                  ),
                  const SizedBox(
                    width: 50,
                    height: 20,
                    child: Divider(
                      thickness: 3,
                      color: Colors.black54,
                    ),
                  ),
                  Row(
                    mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.end,
                    children: [
                      SimpleDialogOption(
                        child: const Text('Apply'),
                        onPressed: () async {},
                      ),
                      SimpleDialogOption(
                        child: const Text('No'),
                        onPressed: () {
                          Navigator.pop(context);
                        },
                      ),
                    ],
                  ),
                ],
              )
            ],
          );
        },
      );
    },
  );
}