我不确定我理解这个问题，但假设：

CREATE TABLE model_colors
( model TEXT NOT NULL
, color TEXT NOT NULL
, PRIMARY KEY (model, color)
);

INSERT INTO model_colors (model, color)
VALUES ('AA', 'blue'), ('AA', 'red'), ...

在汽车表中：

CREATE TABLE cars
( ...
, model TEXT NOT NULL
, color TEXT NOT NULL
, ...
, FOREIGN KEY (model, color) REFERENCES model_colors (model, color)
);

现在，您只能拥有model_colors中存在model/color的汽车。

只要有一张表记录下来就行了

CREATE TABLE cars (
    car_id     int
  , car_model  something FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES car_models
  , car_colour something FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES car_colours
  etc

  CONSTRAINT valid_model_colour FOREIGN KEY (car_model, car_colour) REFERENCES model_colour_combos
);

CREATE TABLE model_colour_combos (
    car_model  something FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES car_models
  , car_colour something FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES car_colours
  , PRIMARY KEY (car_model, car_colour)
);

INSERT INTO model_colour_combos VALUES
    ('AA', 'blue')
  , ('AA', 'red')
  , ('AA', 'black')
  , ('BB', 'blue')
  , ('BB', 'grey')
  , ('BB', 'black')
;