我正在尝试用matplotlib（具体地说，是Conway的生命游戏）做一些动画，但在使用.FuncAnimation时遇到了一些问题
我想出了不同的情况，其中部分工作（但不是我想要的方式）或导致不同的错误。我想了解错误并制定出正确的代码版本。谢谢你的帮助！
通过.FuncAnimation调用的函数是gameoflife，它使用变量w, h, grid来更新图像。
完整的注解代码见下文。

案例一：全局变量

如果我使用全局变量，一切都很好。在通过anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, gameoflife)调用gameoflife(self)之前，我定义了w, h, grid全局
在gameoflife(self)中，我还将w, h, grid定义为全局变量

w, h, grid = "something"

def gameoflife(self):
    global w
    global h
    global grid
    .
    .
    .
    img = ax.imshow(grid)
    return img

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plt.axis('off')
img = ax.imshow(grid)
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, gameoflife)
plt.show()

如前所述，这会导致动画如所需。但是我想去掉全局变量，因为我尝试了其他方法：

案例二：传递对象

我没有在gameoflife中将w, h, grid定义为全局变量，而是用anim = animation.FuncAniation(fig, gameoflife(w,h,grid))传递了它们。
（我知道在我的例子中w, h, grid仍然是全局的。我在另一个版本上工作，但由于错误是相同的，我认为这个简化版本应该这样做。
这将导致以下错误：
TypeError：“AxesImage”对象不可调用
我不理解这个错误，因为我没有在代码更改时调用ax。

w, h, grid = "something"

def gameoflife(w, h, grid):
    .
    .
    .
    img = ax.imshow(grid)
    return img

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plt.axis('off')
img = ax.imshow(grid)
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, gameoflife(w,h,grid))
plt.show()

案例三：使用fargs传递对象

在第三种情况下，我尝试使用.FuncAnimation的“frags”参数传递w, h, grid，结果只生成第一帧。（前两个，取决于你怎么看。“第一”帧实际上是通过img = ax.imshow(grid)绘制的）

w, h, grid = "something"

def gameoflife(self, w, h, grid):
    .
    .
    .
    img = ax.imshow(grid)
    return img

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plt.axis('off')
img = ax.imshow(grid)
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, gameoflife, fargs=(w,h,grid))
plt.show()

完整代码

我希望它的正确评论
有两个部分（开始和结束），您可以在其中注解/取消注解部分以生成相应的案例。默认情况下，其Case 1。

import random
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation

##defining grid size
w= 20
h = 20

##generating random grid
grid = np.array([[random.randint(0,1) for x in range(w)] for y in range(h)])

######
# Choose for different cases
######

##Case 1: Global Variables
def gameoflife(self):
    global w
    global h
    global grid

##Case 2: Passing Objects
#def gameoflife(w, h, grid):

##Case 3: Passing Objects with fargs
#def gameoflife(self, w, h, grid):

####### Choose part over
    
    # wt, ht as test values for position
    # x,y to set calculation position
    wt = w-1
    ht = h-1
    x,y = -1,0 #results in 0,0 for the first position
    
    # defining grid for calculation (calgrid)
    calgrid = np.array([[0 for x in range(w)] for y in range(h)])
    
    # testing for last position
    while y<ht or x<wt:    
        # moving position through the grid
        if x == wt:
            y +=1
            x = 0
        else:
            x += 1

        #sorrounding cells check value
        scv = 0
        
        #counting living cells around position x,y
        #if-else for exceptions at last column and row
        if y == ht:
            if x == wt:
                scv = grid[x-1][y-1] + grid[x][y-1] + grid[0][y-1] + grid[x-1][y] + grid[0][y] + grid[x-1][0] + grid[x][0] + grid[0][0]
            else:
                scv = grid[x-1][y-1] + grid[x][y-1] + grid[x+1][y-1] + grid[x-1][y] + grid[x+1][y] + grid[x-1][0] + grid[x][0] + grid[x+1][0]
        else:
            if x == wt:
                scv = grid[x-1][y-1] + grid[x][y-1] + grid[0][y-1] + grid[x-1][y] + grid[0][y] + grid[x-1][y+1] + grid[x][y+1] + grid[0][y+1]
            else:
                scv = grid[x-1][y-1] + grid[x][y-1] + grid[x+1][y-1] + grid[x-1][y] + grid[x+1][y] + grid[x-1][y+1] + grid[x][y+1] + grid[x+1][y+1]

        # test cell to conditions and write result in calgrid
        if grid[x][y] == 0:
            if scv == 3:
                calgrid [x][y] = 1
        else :
            if 1<scv<4:
                calgrid [x][y] = 1
    
    # updating grid, generating img and return it
    grid = calgrid
    img = ax.imshow(grid)
    return img

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plt.axis('off')
img = ax.imshow(grid) #generates "first" Frame from seed
#####
# Choose vor Case
#####

## Case 1: Global Variables
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, gameoflife)

## Case 2: Passing Variables
#anim = anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, gameoflife(w,h,grid))

## Case 3: Passing Variables with fargs
#anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, gameoflife, fargs=(w,h,grid))

####### Choose part over
plt.show()

谢谢你的帮助