python 如何绘制多元回归3D图

yzuktlbb  于 2023-05-27  发布在  Python
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任务:将多元回归(z = f(x,y))的结果绘制为3D图形上的二维平面(例如,我可以使用OSX的图形实用程序,或者在这里使用R实现Plot Regression Surface)。

经过一个星期的搜索Stackoverflow和阅读各种文档matplotlibseabornmayavi我终于找到了最简单的方法来绘制3d表面给定的3d点,这听起来很有希望。下面是我的数据和代码:

首先尝试matplotlib:

shape: (80, 3) 
type: <type 'numpy.ndarray'> 
zmul: 

[[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00   5.52720000e+00]
 [  5.00000000e+02   5.00000000e-01   5.59220000e+00]
 [  1.00000000e+03   1.00000000e+00   5.65720000e+00]
 [  1.50000000e+03   1.50000000e+00   5.72220000e+00]
 [  2.00000000e+03   2.00000000e+00   5.78720000e+00]
 [  2.50000000e+03   2.50000000e+00   5.85220000e+00]
 ……]

import matplotlib
from matplotlib.ticker import MaxNLocator
from matplotlib import cm

from numpy.random import randn
from scipy import array, newaxis
Xs = zmul[:,0]
Ys = zmul[:,1]
Zs = zmul[:,2]

surf = ax.plot_trisurf(Xs, Ys, Zs, cmap=cm.jet, linewidth=0)
fig.colorbar(surf)

ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(5))
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(6))
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(5))

fig.tight_layout()

plt.show()

我得到的只是一个空的3D坐标框架,并显示以下错误消息:
RuntimeError:qhull Delaunay三角剖分计算出错:singular input data(exitcode=2);使用python verbose选项(-v)查看原始的qhull错误。
我试着看看我是否可以玩绘图参数,并检查了这个网站http://www.qhull.org/html/qh-impre.htm#delaunay,但我真的不知道我应该做什么。

第二次尝试与mayavi:

相同的数据,分为3个numpy数组:

type: <type 'numpy.ndarray'> 
X: [    0   500  1000  1500  2000  2500  3000 ….]

type: <type 'numpy.ndarray'> 
Y: [  0.    0.5   1.    1.5   2.    2.5   3.  ….]

type: <type 'numpy.ndarray'> 
Z: [  5.5272   5.5922   5.6572   5.7222   5.7872   5.8522   5.9172  ….]

代码:

from mayavi import mlab
def multiple3_triple(tpl_lst):

X = xs
Y = ys
Z = zs

# Define the points in 3D space
# including color code based on Z coordinate.
pts = mlab.points3d(X, Y, Z, Z)

# Triangulate based on X, Y with Delaunay 2D algorithm.
# Save resulting triangulation.
mesh = mlab.pipeline.delaunay2d(pts)

# Remove the point representation from the plot
pts.remove()

# Draw a surface based on the triangulation
surf = mlab.pipeline.surface(mesh)

# Simple plot.
mlab.xlabel("x")
mlab.ylabel("y")
mlab.zlabel("z")
mlab.show()

我得到的只有这个:

如果这很重要的话,我在OSX10.9.3上使用的是64位版本的Enthought的Canopy
会很感激任何关于我做错了什么的意见。
编辑:张贴最终的代码,工作,如果它帮助别人。

'''After the usual imports'''
def multiple3(tpl_lst):
    mul = []
    for tpl in tpl_lst:
        calc = (.0001*tpl[0]) + (.017*tpl[1])+ 6.166
        mul.append(calc)
    return mul

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
'''some skipped code for the scatterplot'''
X = np.arange(0, 40000, 500)
Y = np.arange(0, 40, .5)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
Z = multiple3(zip(X,Y))

surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1,cmap=cm.autumn,
                       linewidth=0, antialiased=False, alpha =.1)
ax.set_zlim(1.01, 11.01)
ax.set_xlabel(' x = IPP')
ax.set_ylabel('y = UNRP20')
ax.set_zlabel('z = DI')

ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))
fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5)
plt.show()

vktxenjb

vktxenjb1#

对于matplotlib,你可以基于surface example(你错过了plt.meshgrid):

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.coolwarm,
                       linewidth=0, antialiased=False)
ax.set_zlim(-1.01, 1.01)

ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))

fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5)

plt.show()

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