你可以用tqdm来做，它在长时间的计算中显示一个进度条，非常简单。
我修改了你的代码来添加它。

from tqdm import tqdm

insert_sty = "insert into MRSTY (CUI,TUI,STN,STY,ATUI,CVF) values (:0,:1,:2,:3,:4,:5)"
records=[]

file_path = "../umls_files/umls-2023AA-metathesaurus-full/2023AA/META/MRSTY.RRF"
num_lines = sum(1 for line in open(file_path))

with open(file_path, 'r') as f:
    for line in tqdm(f, total=num_lines, desc="Processing file"):
        line = line.strip()
        records.append(line.split("|"))

    for sublist in records:  
        if sublist:
            sublist.pop()
    
for i in tqdm(records, desc="Inserting records"):
    try:
        cur.execute(insert_sty,i)
        print ("record inserted")       
    except Exception as e:
        print (i)
        print("Error: ",str(e))
        
conn.commit()