• “ Mongoose ”：“^7.2.1”，* $rename无法重命名数组中文档的字段。可以使用Updates with Aggregation Pipeline
• $set阶段：$setss_characteristics文档，其中新文档从其自身Map。Map逻辑为：为每个文档创建一个sinusitis字段，并将其与当前文档（$$this）合并（$mergeObjects）。
• $unset阶段：删除ss_characteristics数组中每个文档的过时字段ssfollow_sinusitis。

import mongoose from "mongoose";
import util from 'util';
import { config } from '../../config';

mongoose.set('debug', true);

const modelSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
  ss_characteristics: Array
});
const Model = mongoose.model('model', modelSchema);

(async function main() {
  try {
    await mongoose.connect(config.MONGODB_URI);

    // seed
    await Model.create([
      {
        ss_characteristics: [
          { sinusitis: 'No', id: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId() },
          { sinusitis: 'No', id: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId() }
        ]
      },
      {
        ss_characteristics: [
          { ssfollow_sinusitis: 'No', 'test field': 'a', id: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId() },
          { ssfollow_sinusitis: 'No', 'test field': 'b', id: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId() }
        ]
      },
      {
        ss_characteristics: [
          { ssfollow_sinusitis: 'Yes', id: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId() },
          { ssfollow_sinusitis: 'Yes', id: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId() }
        ]
      }
    ])

    // test
    const updateResult = await Model.updateMany({
      'ss_characteristics': { $elemMatch: { ssfollow_sinusitis: { $exists: true } } }
    }, [
      {
        $set: {
          ss_characteristics: {
            $map: {
              input: '$ss_characteristics',
              in: {
                $mergeObjects: [
                  '$$this',
                  {
                    sinusitis: '$$this.ssfollow_sinusitis',
                    test_field: '$$this.test field'
                  }
                ],
              }
            }
          }
        },
      },
      {
        $unset: ["ss_characteristics.ssfollow_sinusitis", 'ss_characteristics.test field']
      }
    ])
    console.log('updateResult: ', util.inspect(updateResult, false, null))

    const updateDocs = await Model.find()

    console.log('updateDocs: ', util.inspect(updateDocs, false, null))

  } catch (error) {
    console.error(error);
  } finally {
    await Promise.all(['models'].map(c => mongoose.connection.dropCollection(c)))
    await mongoose.connection.close()
  }
})();

结果：

updateResult:  {
  acknowledged: true,
  modifiedCount: 2,
  upsertedId: null,
  upsertedCount: 0,
  matchedCount: 2
}
Mongoose: models.find({}, {})
updateDocs:  [
  {
    _id: new ObjectId("64774aa39b761d94ed079927"),
    ss_characteristics: [
      {
        id: new ObjectId("64774aa39b761d94ed079923"),
        sinusitis: 'Yes'
      },
      {
        id: new ObjectId("64774aa39b761d94ed079924"),
        sinusitis: 'Yes'
      }
    ],
    __v: 0
  },
  {
    _id: new ObjectId("64774aa39b761d94ed079926"),
    ss_characteristics: [
      {
        id: new ObjectId("64774aa39b761d94ed079921"),
        sinusitis: 'No',
        test_field: 'a'
      },
      {
        id: new ObjectId("64774aa39b761d94ed079922"),
        sinusitis: 'No',
        test_field: 'b'
      }
    ],
    __v: 0
  },
  {
    _id: new ObjectId("64774aa39b761d94ed079925"),
    ss_characteristics: [
      { sinusitis: 'No', id: new ObjectId("64774aa39b761d94ed07991f") },
      { sinusitis: 'No', id: new ObjectId("64774aa39b761d94ed079920") }
    ],
    __v: 0
  }
]