# first, make a vector of all of the unique values of the columns
all_values <- unique(c(col1, col2, col3, col4))

# to get the values in all four columns
in_all_four <- function(c) {
    # return TRUE if the value is in all four columns
    all(c %in% col1, c %in% col2, c %in% col3, c %in% col4)
}

# now, use that function to filter the unique values
sapply(all_values, in_all_four)

# to get the columns that each value is in

in_columns <- function(c) {
    # return a vector of the columns a value is in
    which(sapply(list(col1, col2, col3, col4), function(x) c %in% x))
    
}

# create a dataframe, 
df <- tibble(
    value = all_values,
    in_columns = sapply(all_values, in_columns))

上面计算的df tibble：

如果你还需要什么就告诉我!：—）