您可以只读入第一行数据来抓取列。我建议通过内置的csv模块，甚至使用pandas来实现这一点，因为它们都可以轻松处理报价。
使用pandas，你可以做这样的事情：

from io import StringIO
from pandas import read_csv

data = StringIO('''
a,B,c,D
1,2,3,4
5,6,7,7
'''.strip())

# expected lower-case column names mapped to dtypes
# intentionally left out column 'D'
dtypes = {'a': 'Int64', 'b': 'int32', 'c': 'float64'}

# `nrows=0` will only read in the column names and an empty DataFrame
columns = read_csv(data, nrows=0).columns

# only need to do this since `data` acts as an open file-handle
data.seek(0)

# create mapping of actual column names → dtype based on a matching `.casefold()`
#  if you're unfamiliar with `string.casefold()` you can think of it like `string.lower()`
new_dtypes = {
    col: dtypes[col.casefold()]
    for col in columns if col.casefold() in dtypes
}
df = read_csv(data, usecols=new_dtypes.keys(), dtype=new_dtypes)

print(df)
   a  B    c
0  1  2  3.0
1  5  6  7.0