您可以用途：

SELECT CASE
       WHEN EXISTS(
              SELECT 1
              FROM   all_tab_columns
              WHERE  table_name  = 'ORDERS'
              AND    column_name = 'ID'
            )
       THEN 'Yes'
       ELSE 'No'
       END AS id,
       CASE
       WHEN EXISTS(
              SELECT 1
              FROM   all_tab_columns
              WHERE  table_name  = 'ORDERS'
              AND    column_name = 'ORDER_MODE'
            )
       THEN 'Yes'
       ELSE 'No'
       END AS order_mode,
       CASE
       WHEN EXISTS(
              SELECT 1
              FROM   all_tab_columns
              WHERE  table_name  = 'ORDERS'
              AND    column_name = 'SOME_COL'
            )
       THEN 'Yes'
       ELSE 'No'
       END AS some_col
FROM   DUAL;

或：

WITH columns (column_name) AS (
  SELECT 'ID'         FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 'ORDER_MODE' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 'SOME_COL'   FROM DUAL
),
column_exists (column_name, column_exists) AS (
  SELECT c.column_name,
         NVL2(a.column_name, 'YES', 'NO')
  FROM   columns c
         LEFT OUTER JOIN all_tab_columns a
         ON (a.table_name = 'ORDERS' AND a.column_name = c.column_name)
)
SELECT *
FROM   column_exists
       PIVOT (
         MAX(column_exists)
         FOR column_name IN (
           'ID' AS id,
           'ORDER_MODE' AS order_mode,
           'SOME_COL' AS some__col
         )
       )

这两个输出：
| ID|订单模式|某些_COL|
| - -----|- -----|- -----|
| 是的|是的|没有|
fiddle