有点晚了，但我也面临着同样的问题，这解决了它
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/wiki/Relaxed-Binding-2.0#lists-1

MY_FOO_1_ = my.foo[1]

MY_FOO_1_BAR = my.foo[1].bar

MY_FOO_1_2_ = my.foo[1][2]`

所以，对于问题中的例子：

properties:
  topics:
    - 
      name: topic-01
      id: id-1
    - 
      name: topic-02
      id: id-2
    - 
      name: topic-03
      id: id-3

环境变量应该如下所示：

PROPERTIES_TOPICS_0_NAME=topic-01
PROPERTIES_TOPICS_0_ID=id-01
PROPERTIES_TOPICS_1_NAME=topic-02
PROPERTIES_TOPICS_1_ID=id-02
PROPERTIES_TOPICS_2_NAME=topic-03
PROPERTIES_TOPICS_2_ID=id-03

建议，不要太复杂。
假设您希望将该列表作为Environment变量。你会用

-Dtopics=topic-01,topic-02,topic-03

然后可以使用注入的Environment Bean恢复它，并创建一个新的List<String> Bean

@Bean
@Qualifier("topics")
List<String> topics(final Environment environment) {
    final var topics = environment.getProperty("topics", "");
    return Arrays.asList(topics.split(","));
}

从现在开始，List可以是@Autowired。
您还可以考虑创建自定义限定符注解，比如@Topics。
然后，

@Service
class TopicService {
   @Topics
   @Autowired
   private List<String> topics;

   ...
}

甚至

@Service
class TopicService {
   private final List<String> topics;

   TopicService(@Topics final List<String> topics) {
      this.topics = topics;
   }

   ...
}

您可以使用外部化的文件。
将该文件的路径传递给环境参数。

-DtopicsPath=C:/whatever/path/file.json

而不是使用EnvironmentBean来恢复该路径。读取文件内容并要求Jackson将其反序列化
您还需要创建一个简单的Topic类

public class Topic {
    public String name;
    public String id;
}

，它表示此JSON数组的元素。

[
    {
        "name": "topic-1",
        "id": "id-1"
    },
    {
        "name": "topic-2",
        "id": "id-2"
    }
]

@Bean
List<Topic> topics(
        final Environment environment,
        final ObjectMapper objectMapper) throws IOException {
    // Get the file path
    final var topicsPath = environment.getProperty("topicsPath");

    if (topicsPath == null) {
        return Collections.emptyList();
    }

    // Read the file content
    final var json = Files.readString(Paths.get(topicsPath));

    // Convert the JSON to Java objects
    final var topics = objectMapper.readValue(json, Topic[].class);
    return Arrays.asList(topics);
}

Also facing the same issue , fixed with having a array in deployment.yaml from values.yml replacing the default values of application.yml

example as : 

deployment.yml -

----------------

env: 
            - name : SUBSCRIBTION_SITES_0_DATAPROVIDER
              value: {{ (index .Values.subscription.sites 0).dataprovider | quote }}
            - name: SUBSCRIBTION_SITES_0_NAME
              value: {{ (index .Values.subscription.sites 0).name | quote }}

values.yml -

---------------

  subscription:
    sites:
      - dataprovider: abc
        name: static

application.yml -

------------------

  subscription:
    sites:
      - dataprovider: ${SUBSCRIBTION_SITES_0_DATAPROVIDER:abcd}
        name: ${SUBSCRIBTION_SITES_0_NAME:static}
    
Java Code :

@Getter
@Setter
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "subscription")
public class DetailsProperties {

    private List<DetailsDto> sites;

    DetailsProperties() {
        this.sites = new ArrayList<>();
    }

}

Pojo mapped :

@Getter
@Setter
@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class DetailsDto {
    private String dataprovider;
    private String name;
}

还有一种解决这个问题的方法，它在解析中更丑陋，但非常容易并且有效。替换：

properties:
  topics:
    - 
      name: topic-01
      id: id-1
    - 
      name: topic-02
      id: id-2
    - 
      name: topic-03
      id: id-3

有：

properties:
  topics: topic-01,topic-02,topic-03
  id: id-1,id-2,id-3

然后这样读：

private List<CombinedTopic> topicsCombined = new ArrayList<>();
public CombinedTopic(@Value("${properties.topics}") List<String> topics,
                     @Value("${properties.id}") List<String> ids) {
    List<CombinedTopic> collect = IntStream.range(0, ids.size())
        .mapToObj(i -> new CombinedTopic(ids.get(i), topics.get(i)))
            .toList();
}

请注意，我假设ID和Topic必须一起使用，并且顺序相同。

我建立了一个快速的小工具来做这件事。

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;

/**
 * Convenience methods for dealing with properties.
 */
public final class PropertyUtils {

  private PropertyUtils() {
  }

  public static List<String> getPropertyArray(Environment environment, String propertyName) {
    final List<String> arrayPropertyAsList = new LinkedList<>();
    int i = 0;
    String value;
    do {
      value = environment.getProperty(propertyName + "[" + i++ + "]");
      if (value != null) {
        arrayPropertyAsList.add(value);
      }
    } while (value != null);

    return arrayPropertyAsList;
  }

}

您可以修改它，而不需要太多更改，以支持多个字段。我见过从属性加载数据库配置数组时所做的类似事情。