我觉得最简单的方法是用你想记录的值创建一个数组。一旦你填充了数组，你就可以使用for循环将它打印到任何你想要的地方。

Range("RangeSet" & r).Select

在VBA中不是有效范围。你将以字符串的形式传递“RangeSet1”，而不是一个范围，也不是你声明的变量。
可以试试

if r = 1 then
     Range(RangeSet1).Select
elseif r=2 then
     Range(RangeSet2).Select
elseif r=3 then
     Range(RangeSet3).Select
else
    stop'should never get here?
endif

有一种方法可以在一行代码中完成这一点，但我不记得它的语法。

这就是我写代码的方式

Sub PrintGraphs()

    Dim i As Integer

    With ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Cut Tables Graphs")
        With .PageSetup
            .PaperSize = xlPaperLetter
            .Orientation = xlLandscape
            .Zoom = False
            .FitToPagesWide = 1
            .FitToPagesTall = 1
            .LeftMargin = Application.InchesToPoints(0.25)
            .RightMargin = Application.InchesToPoints(0.25)
            .TopMargin = Application.InchesToPoints(0.25)
            .BottomMargin = Application.InchesToPoints(0.25)
            .CenterHorizontally = True
            .CenterVertically = True
        End With
        Application.PrintCommunication = True
        For i = 16 To 18
            If .OLEObjects("CheckBox" & i).Object.Value = True Then

                .Range(Choose(i - 15, RangeSet1, RangeSet2, RangeSet3)).PrintOut Copies:=1, Collate:=True

            End If
        Next i
    End With

End Sub

不需要变量r -如果你选择CheckBox 16你想打印范围1 -所以从i中删除15，你得到1 -选择那个范围（希望有意义）。
我还假设“ActiveSheet”（带有勾选框的那个）是“Cut Tables Graphs”。
我在底部包含了您的原始代码和一些注解。

Sub PrintGraphs()
Dim i As Integer
Dim r As Integer
    'This will work - providing the correct sheet is active.
    For i = 16 To 18
        If ActiveSheet.OLEObjects("CheckBox" & i).Object.Value = True Then

            'This will cycle through all three no matter which checkbox was ticked.
            For r = 1 To 3

                'No need to activate the sheet.  Especially if it's the ActiveSheet.
                Worksheets("Cut Tables Graphs").Activate

                    'No need to select a range before working on it.
                    Range("RangeSet" & r).Select

                    'This only needs doing once - not at all if it's the default anyway.
                    'As it's inside the 1 to 3 loop it will happen 3 times.
                    ActiveSheet.PageSetup.PrintArea = ("RangeSet" & r)
                    With ActiveSheet.PageSetup
                        .PaperSize = xlPaperLetter
                        .Orientation = xlLandscape
                        .Zoom = False
                        .FitToPagesWide = 1
                        .FitToPagesTall = 1
                        .LeftMargin = Application.InchesToPoints(0.25)
                        .RightMargin = Application.InchesToPoints(0.25)
                        .TopMargin = Application.InchesToPoints(0.25)
                        .BottomMargin = Application.InchesToPoints(0.25)
                        .CenterHorizontally = True
                        .CenterVertically = True
                    End With
                    Application.PrintCommunication = True

                    'Rather than select the range and print the selection,
                    'just reference the range and print it.
                    Selection.PrintOut Copies:=1, Collate:=True
            Next r
        End If
    Next i
End Sub