当然，它返回undefined。这是因为异步回调函数。您需要执行以下操作：

this.getTableData = function(callback){
    oracledb.getConnection(
        {
            user : "user",
            password      : "password",
            connectString : "db "
        },
        function (err, connection) {
            if (err) {
                console.error(err);
                console.log("errorrrrrrrrrrr : "+err);
                return;
            }
            connection.execute("SELECT query",
                function(err, result) {
                    if (err) {
                        console.error(err);
                        return;
                    }
                    else if(result) {
                        var res = result.rows[0][0];
                        console.log("result in else if: "+res);
                        callback(res);
                    }});
        });
};

getTableData(function (result) {
    console.log(result);
});

解决这个问题的另一种方法是使用Promise：

this.getTableData = function () {
    return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
        oracledb.getConnection(
            {
                user: "user",
                password: "password",
                connectString: "db "
            },
            function (err, connection) {
                if (err) {
                    console.error(err);
                    reject(err);
                    console.log("errorrrrrrrrrrr : " + err);
                    return;
                }
                connection.execute("SELECT query",
                    function (err, result) {
                        if (err) {
                            console.error(err);
                            reject(err);
                            return;
                        }
                        else if (result) {
                            var res = result.rows[0][0];
                            console.log("result in else if: " + res);
                            resolve(res);
                        }
                    });
            });
    });

};

getTableData()
    .then(function (result) {
        console.log(result);
    });

您在评论中要求的代码：

var AddPage = function () {
    var self = this;
    this.enterOtpInput = element(by.model("beneDetail.otp"));
    this.enterMpinInput = element(by.model("retailerMpin"));
    this.verifyBeneficiaryButton = element(by.xpath("//div[2]/div/button"));
    this.verifyBene = function () {
        support.getTableData()
            .then(function (result) {
                console.log("adam: " + result);
                self.enterOtpInput.sendKeys(result);
                self.enterMpinInput.sendKeys("1111");
                self.verifyBeneficiaryButton.click();
            });

    };
}