我已经自作主张地重构了你的代码，使其能够正常工作，我发现的问题是，在for循环中调用Array.map，这似乎会破坏你的状态。你会发现我在你的函数中添加的注解解释了我为什么做了什么，

function Buttons({ setOptionButtons, sendMessage, places }) {
  const [data, setData] = useState(null);
  const [names, setNames] = useState([]);
  const [addresses, setAddresses] = useState([]);
  
  const [error, setError] = useState(null);
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);

  const onClick = useCallback(async (input, option) => {
    // early return if the data is already fetching
    if (!!loading) return;
    setError(null);
    setLoading(true);
    try {
      const promises = [];

      // more readable implementation of the for loop
      for (const place of option) {
        promises.push(axios.get("..."));
      }

      // Maybe use `Promise.allSettled` for better error handling
      const responses = await Promise.all(promises);

      const items = responses.flatMap((response) => {
        return response.data.result.items;
      });

      const newNames = items.map((item) => {
        return item.name;
      });

      const newAddresses = items.map((item) => {
        return item.address_name;
      });

      setNames((prev) => [...prev, ...newNames]);
      setAddresses((prev) => [...prev, ...newAddresses]);
    } catch (err) {
      setError(err.message);
    } finally {
      // handle all other updates directly inside the finally block
      setLoading(false);
      setOptionButtons(false);
      sendMessage(input);
    }
  }, [loading, sendMessage, setOptionButtons]);

  useEffect(() => {
    console.log(data);
  }, [data]);

  return <></>;
}

export default Buttons;

另外，你似乎是新的React，一定要看看official documentation的React。他们刚刚更新了他们的整个文档，它真的是信息丰富。

PS：

正如上面的评论所述，你将对你调用的API有相当多的请求，如果你是按请求或带宽付费，我强烈建议在这段代码上使用另一个折射器。

看起来问题出在setOptionButtons(false)这一行，这是异步的。所以我将await添加到这一行，并将其与updateOptionButtons()混洗，以便它等待直到第一个异步函数结束。
此外，最好使用Promise.all来处理对API的多个请求，而不是使用for循环。

export default function Buttons({setOptionButtons, sendMessage, places}){

    const [data, setData] = useState(null)
    const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)
    const [error, setError] = useState(null)
    const [names, setNames] = useState([])
    const [addresses, setAddresses] = useState([])

    const updateOptionButtons = () => {
        setOptionButtons(false);
      };

    const pressOption = async (input, option) => {
        const urlArray = []

        for(let i = 0; i < option.length; i++){
            urlArray.push(urls_with_option[i])
        }

        let requestsArray = urlArray.map((url) => {
            let request = new Request(url);
            return request;
        });
     

        await Promise.all(requestsArray.map((request) => {
            return fetch(request).then((response) => {
                return response.json();
            }).then((data) => {
                return data;
            });
        })).then((values) => {
            let items = values[0].result.items;
            let names = items.map((item) => item.name);
            let addresses = items.map((item) => item.address_name);
            setData(values)
            setNames((prevNames)=> [...prevNames, ...names])
            setAddresses((prevAdaress)=> [...prevAdaress, ...addresses])
        }).catch(console.error.bind(console));
        
        await sendMessage(input);
        updateOptionButtons()
    }

    return (
      //Html code here
    )
}