下面是一个使用pdfrw的解决方案：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
"""matplotlib_example.py
   An simple example of how to insert matplotlib generated figures
   into a ReportLab platypus document.
"""
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('PDF')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cStringIO
from pdfrw import PdfReader
from pdfrw.buildxobj import pagexobj
from pdfrw.toreportlab import makerl
from reportlab.platypus import Flowable
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_LEFT, TA_CENTER, TA_RIGHT
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet
from reportlab.rl_config import defaultPageSize
from reportlab.lib.units import inch
PAGE_HEIGHT=defaultPageSize[1]; PAGE_WIDTH=defaultPageSize[0]
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()
class PdfImage(Flowable):
    """PdfImage wraps the first page from a PDF file as a Flowable
which can be included into a ReportLab Platypus document.
Based on the vectorpdf extension in rst2pdf (http://code.google.com/p/rst2pdf/)"""
    def __init__(self, filename_or_object, width=None, height=None, kind='direct'):
        from reportlab.lib.units import inch
        # If using StringIO buffer, set pointer to begining
        if hasattr(filename_or_object, 'read'):
            filename_or_object.seek(0)
        page = PdfReader(filename_or_object, decompress=False).pages[0]
        self.xobj = pagexobj(page)
        self.imageWidth = width
        self.imageHeight = height
        x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.xobj.BBox
        self._w, self._h = x2 - x1, y2 - y1
        if not self.imageWidth:
            self.imageWidth = self._w
        if not self.imageHeight:
            self.imageHeight = self._h
        self.__ratio = float(self.imageWidth)/self.imageHeight
        if kind in ['direct','absolute'] or width==None or height==None:
            self.drawWidth = width or self.imageWidth
            self.drawHeight = height or self.imageHeight
        elif kind in ['bound','proportional']:
            factor = min(float(width)/self._w,float(height)/self._h)
            self.drawWidth = self._w*factor
            self.drawHeight = self._h*factor
    def wrap(self, aW, aH):
        return self.drawWidth, self.drawHeight
    def drawOn(self, canv, x, y, _sW=0):
        if _sW > 0 and hasattr(self, 'hAlign'):
            a = self.hAlign
            if a in ('CENTER', 'CENTRE', TA_CENTER):
                x += 0.5*_sW
            elif a in ('RIGHT', TA_RIGHT):
                x += _sW
            elif a not in ('LEFT', TA_LEFT):
                raise ValueError("Bad hAlign value " + str(a))
        xobj = self.xobj
        xobj_name = makerl(canv._doc, xobj)
        xscale = self.drawWidth/self._w
        yscale = self.drawHeight/self._h
        x -= xobj.BBox[0] * xscale
        y -= xobj.BBox[1] * yscale
        canv.saveState()
        canv.translate(x, y)
        canv.scale(xscale, yscale)
        canv.doForm(xobj_name)
        canv.restoreState()
Title = "Hello world"
pageinfo = "platypus example"
def myFirstPage(canvas, doc):
    canvas.saveState()
    canvas.setFont('Times-Bold',16)
    canvas.drawCentredString(PAGE_WIDTH/2.0, PAGE_HEIGHT-108, Title)
    canvas.setFont('Times-Roman',9)
    canvas.drawString(inch, 0.75 * inch, "First Page / %s" % pageinfo)
    canvas.restoreState()
def myLaterPages(canvas, doc):
    canvas.saveState()
    canvas.setFont('Times-Roman',9)
    canvas.drawString(inch, 0.75 * inch, "Page %d %s" % (doc.page, pageinfo))
    canvas.restoreState()
def go():
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3))
    plt.plot([1,2,3,4])
    plt.ylabel('some numbers')
    imgdata = cStringIO.StringIO()
    fig.savefig(imgdata,format='PDF')
    doc = SimpleDocTemplate("document.pdf")
    Story = [Spacer(1,2*inch)]
    style = styles["Normal"]
    for i in range(5):
        bogustext = ("This is Paragraph number %s.  " % i) *20
        p = Paragraph(bogustext, style)
        Story.append(p)
        Story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*inch))
        pi = PdfImage(imgdata)
        Story.append(pi)
        Story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*inch))
    doc.build(Story, onFirstPage=myFirstPage, onLaterPages=myLaterPages)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    go()

pdfrw的作者Patrick Maupin在另一个question中提供了一个更简单、更不复杂的答案。（感谢他对我之前的回答的赞美之词。）他还提到，在使用pdfrw提取之前，将matplotlib数据保存到多页PDF中，可以通过减少重复资源来减少最终reportlab PDF的大小。因此，这里是他的代码示例的修改，它演示了如何通过首先写入多页matplotlib PDF来减小PDF文件大小。对于此示例，文件大小减少了约80%。

• 注意：这是专门用于matplotlib图形的。*

import os
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages
from reportlab.platypus import Paragraph, SimpleDocTemplate, Spacer, Flowable
from reportlab.lib.units import inch
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet
from pdfrw import PdfReader, PdfDict
from pdfrw.buildxobj import pagexobj
from pdfrw.toreportlab import makerl
try:
    from cStringIO import StringIO as BytesIO
except ImportError:
    from io import BytesIO
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()
style = styles['Normal']
class PdfImage(Flowable):
    """
    Generates a reportlab image flowable for matplotlib figures. It is initialized
    with either a matplotlib figure or a pointer to a list of pagexobj objects and
    an index for the pagexobj to be used.
    """
    def __init__(self, fig=None, width=200, height=200, cache=None, cacheindex=0):
        self.img_width = width
        self.img_height = height
        if fig is None and cache is None:
            raise ValueError("Either 'fig' or 'cache' must be provided")
        if fig is not None:
            imgdata = BytesIO()
            fig.savefig(imgdata, format='pdf')
            imgdata.seek(0)
            page, = PdfReader(imgdata).pages
            image = pagexobj(page)
            self.img_data = image
        else:
            self.img_data = None
        self.cache = cache
        self.cacheindex = cacheindex
    def wrap(self, width, height):
        return self.img_width, self.img_height
    def drawOn(self, canv, x, y, _sW=0):
        if _sW > 0 and hasattr(self, 'hAlign'):
            a = self.hAlign
            if a in ('CENTER', 'CENTRE', TA_CENTER):
                x += 0.5*_sW
            elif a in ('RIGHT', TA_RIGHT):
                x += _sW
            elif a not in ('LEFT', TA_LEFT):
                raise ValueError("Bad hAlign value " + str(a))
        canv.saveState()
        if self.img_data is not None:
            img = self.img_data
        else:
            img = self.cache[self.cacheindex]
        if isinstance(img, PdfDict):
            xscale = self.img_width / img.BBox[2]
            yscale = self.img_height / img.BBox[3]
            canv.translate(x, y)
            canv.scale(xscale, yscale)
            canv.doForm(makerl(canv, img))
        else:
            canv.drawImage(img, x, y, self.img_width, self.img_height)
        canv.restoreState()
class PdfImageCache(object):
    """
    Saves matplotlib figures to a temporary multi-page PDF file using the 'savefig'
    method. When closed the images are extracted and saved to the attribute 'cache'.
    The temporary PDF file is then deleted. The 'savefig' returns a PdfImage object
    with a pointer to the 'cache' list and an index for the figure. Use of this
    cache reduces duplicated resources in the reportlab generated PDF file.
    Use is similar to matplotlib's PdfPages object. When not used as a context
    manager, the 'close()' method must be explictly called before the reportlab
    document is built.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        self.pdftempfile = '_temporary_pdf_image_cache_.pdf'
        self.pdf = PdfPages(self.pdftempfile)
        self.cache = []
        self.count = 0
    def __enter__(self):
        return self
    def __exit__(self, *args):
        self.close()
    def close(self, *args):
        self.pdf.close()
        pages = PdfReader(self.pdftempfile).pages
        pages = [pagexobj(x) for x in pages]
        self.cache.extend(pages)
        os.remove(self.pdftempfile)
    def savefig(self, fig, width=200, height=200):
        self.pdf.savefig(fig)
        index = self.count
        self.count += 1
        return PdfImage(width=width, height=height, cache=self.cache, cacheindex=index)
def make_report(outfn, nfig=5):
    """
    Makes a dummy report with nfig matplotlib plots.
    """
    doc = SimpleDocTemplate(outfn)
    style = styles["Normal"]
    story = [Spacer(0, inch)]
    for j in range(nfig):
        fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3))
        plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 4, 9, 26])
        plt.ylabel('some numbers')
        plt.title('My Figure %i' % (j+1))
        img = PdfImage(fig, width=400, height=400)
        plt.close()
        for i in range(10):
            bogustext = ("Paragraph number %s. " % i)
            p = Paragraph(bogustext, style)
            story.append(p)
            story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*inch))
        story.append(img)
        for i in range(10):
            bogustext = ("Paragraph number %s. " % i)
            p = Paragraph(bogustext, style)
            story.append(p)
            story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*inch))
    doc.build(story)
def make_report_cached_figs(outfn, nfig=5):
    """
    Makes a dummy report with nfig matplotlib plots using PdfImageCache
    to reduce PDF file size.
    """
    doc = SimpleDocTemplate(outfn)
    style = styles["Normal"]
    story = [Spacer(0, inch)]
    with PdfImageCache() as pdfcache:
        for j in range(nfig):
            fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3))
            plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 4, 9, 26])
            plt.ylabel('some numbers')
            plt.title('My Figure %i' % (j+1))
            img = pdfcache.savefig(fig, width=400, height=400)
            plt.close()
            for i in range(10):
                bogustext = ("Paragraph number %s. " % i)
                p = Paragraph(bogustext, style)
                story.append(p)
                story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*inch))
            story.append(img)
            for i in range(10):
                bogustext = ("Paragraph number %s. " % i)
                p = Paragraph(bogustext, style)
                story.append(p)
                story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*inch))
    doc.build(story)
make_report("hello_pdf.pdf", 50)
make_report_cached_figs("hello_pdf_cached_figs.pdf", 50)

由于matplotlib的PdfPages只接受文件路径作为输入，因此PdfImageCache对象将多页PDF写入临时文件。在记忆中做这件事会花费更多的工作。

没有一个，但我在自己使用MatPlotLib和ReportLab时所做的是生成PNG，然后嵌入PNG，这样我就不需要使用PIL。但是，如果您使用PIL，我相信您应该能够使用MatPlotLib和ReportLab生成和嵌入EPS。

Python 3的解决方案，并将matplotlib图形嵌入为矢量图像（无光栅化）

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from io import BytesIO
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas
from reportlab.graphics import renderPDF
from svglib.svglib import svg2rlg
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3))
plt.plot([1,2,3,4])
plt.ylabel('some numbers')
imgdata = BytesIO()
fig.savefig(imgdata, format='svg')
imgdata.seek(0)  # rewind the data
drawing=svg2rlg(imgdata)
c = canvas.Canvas('test2.pdf')
renderPDF.draw(drawing,c, 10, 40)
c.drawString(10, 300, "So nice it works")
c.showPage()
c.save()

svglib可从Conda-Forge获得。

我创建了一个示例Flowable，用于ReportLab的商业RML模板语言。这里的示例非常有用，但需要稍微调整一下才能作为RML plugInFlow元素工作。
GitHub上有一个工作示例。
下面是Flowable本身：

class SvgFlowable(Flowable):
    """Convert byte stream containing SVG into a Reportlab Flowable."""
    def __init__(self, svg: BytesIO) -> None:
        """Convert SVG to RML drawing on initializtion."""
        svg.seek(0)
        self.drawing: Drawing = svg2rlg(svg)
        self.width: int = self.drawing.minWidth()
        self.height: int = self.drawing.height
        self.drawing.setProperties({"vAlign": "CENTER", "hAlign": "CENTER"})
    def wrap(self, *_args):
        """Return diagram size."""
        return (self.width, self.height)
    def draw(self) -> None:
        """Render the chart."""
        renderPDF.draw(self.drawing, self.canv, 0, 0)