假设你正在设计一个C++窗口库。它可能提供也可能不提供回调API，但需要提供轮询API以促进函数式编程风格。
轮询API是什么样子的？

部分选项

SDL风格

struct Event {
    enum { MousePress, KeyPress } type;
    union {
        struct { Point pos; MouseButton b; } mousePress;
        struct { Modifiers mods; char key; } keyPress;
    };
};
void userCode() {
    for(;;) {
        Event e; if(pollEvent(&e)) {
            switch(e.type) {
                case MousePress: cout<<event.mousePress.pos.x; break; // not typesafe
                case KeyPress: cout<<event.keyPress.key; break;
            }
        }
    }
}

状态样式

struct Input {
    enum { Mouse, Keyboard, Nothing } whatChanged;
    MouseButtonsBitfield pressedButtons;
    bool keysPressed[keyCount];
};
void userCode() {
    for(;;) {
        Input in = pollInput();
        switch(in.whatChanged) {
            // typesafe yay
            case Mouse: cout << "is LMB pressed? " << bool(in.pressedButtons&LeftButton); break;
            case Keyboard: cout << "is A pressed? " << in.keysPressed['A']; break;
        }
    }
}

有趣的函数式伪C++风格

struct Event {
    // transforms listener by notifying it of event,
    // returns transormed listener. nondestructive.
    template<class Listener> // sadly invalid, templates can't be virtual.
                                              // a solution is to make Listener the base
                                              // of a hierarchy and make Listener::handle virtual
                                              // but then we're forced to use imperative style
    virtual Listener transform(Listener const&) =0;
};
struct MousePress : Event { // yay we're extensible via inheritance
    template<class Listener>
    virtual Listener transform(Listener const& listener) {
        return listener.handle(*this); // calls the MousePress overload
    }
    Point pos; MouseButton b;
};
struct KeyPress : Event {
    template<class Listener>
    virtual Listener transform(Listener const& listener) {
        return listener.handle(*this); // calls the KeyPress overload
    }
    Modifiers mods; char key;
};
struct NoEvent : Event {
    template<class Listener>
    virtual Listener transform(Listener const& listener) {
        return listener.handle(*this);
    }
};
struct UserWidget {
    UserWidget handle(NoEvent) {
        return UserWidget();
    }
    UserWidget handle(MousePress p) {
        return (UserWidget) { string("pressed at")+lex_cast<string>(p.pos)) };
    }
    UserWidget handle(KeyPress k) {
        return (UserWidget) { string("pressed key=")+lex_cast<string>(k.key)) };
    }
    string pendingOutput;
};
void userTick(UserWidget const& w) {
    cout<<w.pendingOutput;
    userTick(pollEvent().transform(w));
}
void userCode() {
    userTick(UserWidget());
}

C++以外的其他语言的答案也可以，如果它们提供了有趣的见解。
请不要对封装做任何评论--是的，公共字段确实应该是访问器，为了清楚起见，我省略了这一点。