numpy x,y数据的逆时针排序

plupiseo  于 2023-08-05  发布在  其他
关注(0)|答案(8)|浏览(89)

我在一个文本文件中有一组要点:random_shape.dat。文件中点的初始顺序是随机的。我想按逆时针顺序对这些点进行排序,如下所示(红点是xy数据):x1c 0d1x的数据
我试着用极坐标来实现:我计算每个点(x,y)的极角,然后按升序排序,如下所示:

"""
Script: format_file.py
Description: This script will format the xy data file accordingly to be used with a program expecting CCW order of data points, By soting the points in Counterclockwise order
Example: python format_file.py random_shape.dat
"""

import sys
import numpy as np

# Read the file name
filename = sys.argv[1]

# Get the header name from the first line of the file (without the newline character)
with open(filename, 'r') as f:
    header = f.readline().rstrip('\n')

angles = []
# Read the data from the file
x, y = np.loadtxt(filename, skiprows=1, unpack=True)

for xi, yi in zip(x, y):
    angle = np.arctan2(yi, xi) 
    if angle < 0:
        angle += 2*np.pi # map the angle to 0,2pi interval
    angles.append(angle)

# create a numpy array 
angles = np.array(angles)

# Get the arguments of sorted 'angles' array
angles_argsort = np.argsort(angles)

# Sort x and y
new_x = x[angles_argsort]
new_y = y[angles_argsort]

print("Length of new x:", len(new_x))
print("Length of new y:", len(new_y))

with open(filename.split('.')[0] + '_formatted.dat', 'w') as f:
    print(header, file=f)
    for xi, yi in zip(new_x, new_y):
        print(xi, yi, file=f)

print("Done!")

字符串
通过运行脚本:

python format_file.py random_shape.dat


不幸的是,我在random_shape_formated.dat中没有得到预期的结果!这些点未按所需顺序排序。
任何帮助都是感激的。

EDIT:预期结果:

  • 创建一个新文件,名为:filename_formatted.dat,包含根据上图排序的数据(第一行包含起始点,接下来的行包含点,如图中逆时针方向的蓝色箭头所示)。
    编辑2:这里添加的xy数据,而不是使用github gist:
random_shape
0.4919261070361315  0.0861956168831175
0.4860816807027076  -0.06601587301587264
0.5023029456281289  -0.18238249845392662
0.5194784026079869  0.24347943722943777
0.5395164357511545  -0.3140611471861465
0.5570497147514262  0.36010146103896146
0.6074231036252226  -0.4142604617604615
0.6397066014669927  0.48590810704447085
0.7048302091822873  -0.5173701298701294
0.7499157837544145  0.5698170011806378
0.8000108666123336  -0.6199254449254443
0.8601249660418364  0.6500974025974031
0.9002010323281716  -0.7196585989767801
0.9703341483292582  0.7299242424242429
1.0104102146155935  -0.7931355765446666
1.0805433306166803  0.8102046438410078
1.1206193969030154  -0.865251869342778
1.1907525129041021  0.8909386068476981
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1.300961695191524  0.971219008264463
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mefy6pfw

mefy6pfw1#

我发现一个简单的方法来排序像这样的x,y坐标的点是根据从点到整个多边形质心的直线和水平线之间的Angular 来排序它们,在这个例子中称为alpha。质心的坐标(x0y0)可以通过对所有点的x、y坐标进行平均来容易地计算。然后使用numpy.arccos计算Angular 。当y-y0大于0时,直接取Angular ,否则从360°中减去Angular (2𝜋)。我使用numpy.where计算Angular ,然后使用numpy.argsort生成索引初始x,y值的掩码。下面的函数sort_xy对所有xy坐标相对于该Angular 进行排序。如果要从任何其他点开始,可以为此添加偏移Angular 。在你的情况下,这将是零。


的数据

def sort_xy(x, y):

    x0 = np.mean(x)
    y0 = np.mean(y)

    r = np.sqrt((x-x0)**2 + (y-y0)**2)

    angles = np.where((y-y0) > 0, np.arccos((x-x0)/r), 2*np.pi-np.arccos((x-x0)/r))

    mask = np.argsort(angles)

    x_sorted = x[mask]
    y_sorted = y[mask]

    return x_sorted, y_sorted

字符串
在使用matplotlib.pyplot.plot排序之前绘制x,y(点显然未排序):



使用matplotlib.pyplot.plot在使用以下方法排序后绘制x,y:


3lxsmp7m

3lxsmp7m2#

如果确定曲线不穿过相同的X坐标(即,任何垂直线)两次以上,那么您可以按X排序顺序访问这些点,并将一个点附加到您跟踪的两个轨迹之一:到最后一个端点最接近新端点的那个。其中一条轨迹将代表曲线的“上”部分,另一条轨迹将代表曲线的“下”部分。
逻辑如下:

dist2 = lambda a,b: (a[0]-b[0])*(a[0]-b[0]) + (a[1]-b[1])*(a[1]-b[1])

z = list(zip(x, y)) # get the list of coordinate pairs
z.sort() # sort by x coordinate

cw = z[0:1] # first point in clockwise direction
ccw = z[1:2] # first point in counter clockwise direction
# reverse the above assignment depending on how first 2 points relate
if z[1][1] > z[0][1]: 
    cw = z[1:2]
    ccw = z[0:1]

for p in z[2:]:
    # append to the list to which the next point is closest
    if dist2(cw[-1], p) < dist2(ccw[-1], p):
        cw.append(p)
    else:
        ccw.append(p)

cw.reverse()
result = cw + ccw

字符串
这也适用于Y坐标中具有陡峭波动的曲线,对于该曲线,从某个中心点的Angular 环视将失败,如下所示:


的数据
不对X坐标和Y坐标的范围进行假设:例如,曲线不一定必须穿过X轴(Y = 0)才能起作用。

6yjfywim

6yjfywim3#

逆时钟顺序取决于枢轴点的选择。从你的问题来看,一个很好的支点选择是质心。
大概是这样的:

# Find the Center of Mass: data is a numpy array of shape (Npoints, 2)
mean = np.mean(data, axis=0)
# Compute angles
angles = np.arctan2((data-mean)[:, 1], (data-mean)[:, 0])
# Transform angles from [-pi,pi] -> [0, 2*pi]
angles[angles < 0] = angles[angles < 0] + 2 * np.pi
# Sort
sorting_indices = np.argsort(angles)
sorted_data = data[sorting_indices]

字符串

ar5n3qh5

ar5n3qh54#

我认为这不是一个真正的Python问题,但我仍然认为你可以尝试按- sign(y) * x排序,比如:

def counter_clockwise_sort(points):
    return sorted(points, key=lambda point: point['x'] * (-1 if point['y'] >= 0 else 1))

字符串
如果您将要点正确地读入{'x': 0.12312, 'y': 0.912}的dicts列表中,应该可以正常工作
编辑:只要你只穿过X轴两次,就可以了,就像你的例子一样。

bq3bfh9z

bq3bfh9z5#

如果:

  • 该形状是任意复杂的,并且
  • 点间距为~随机

那我觉得这是个很难的问题。
不管怎么说,我过去也遇到过类似的问题,我使用了一个旅行推销员求解器。特别是,我使用了the LKH solver。我看到有一个Python repo来解决这个问题,LKH-TSP。一旦你有了一个点的顺序,我不认为这将是太难决定顺时针与顺时针排序。

i1icjdpr

i1icjdpr6#

如果我们想回答您的具体问题,我们需要选择一个枢轴点。
因为你想根据你选择的起始点排序,我会在中间选择一个枢轴(x=4,y=0)。
由于我们是逆时针排序,我们将取arctan 2(-(y-pivot_y),-(x-center_x))(我们翻转x轴)。
我们得到以下结果,用一个渐变色的散点来证明正确性(供参考,我在下载后删除了dat文件的第一行):

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
points = np.loadtxt('points.dat')

#oneliner for ordering points (transform, adjust for 0 to 2pi, argsort, index at points)
ordered_points = points[np.argsort(np.apply_along_axis(lambda x: np.arctan2(-x[1],-x[0]+4) + np.pi*2, axis=1,arr=points)),:]

#color coding 0-1 as str for gray colormap in matplotlib
plt.scatter(ordered_points[:,0], ordered_points[:,1],c=[str(x) for x in np.arange(len(ordered_points)) / len(ordered_points)],cmap='gray')

字符串
结果(在色彩Map表中,1为白色,0为黑色),它们按顺序在0-1范围内编号:
x1c 0d1x的数据

ego6inou

ego6inou7#

对于相邻点之间具有可比距离的点,我们可以使用KDTree来获得每个点的两个最近点。然后画线连接这些给予我们一个封闭的形状轮廓。然后,我们将使用OpenCV的findContours来始终以逆时针方式跟踪轮廓。现在,由于OpenCV处理图像,我们需要将数据从提供的float格式采样为uint8图像格式。考虑到两个病人之间的距离相当,这应该是相当安全的。此外,OpenCV可以很好地处理它,以确保它甚至可以跟踪曲率中的尖角,即平滑或不平滑数据都可以正常工作。而且,没有枢轴要求,等等。因此,所有类型的形状都很适合使用。
以下是实现-

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.spatial.distance import pdist
from scipy.spatial import cKDTree
import cv2
from scipy.ndimage.morphology import binary_fill_holes

def counter_clockwise_order(a, DEBUG_PLOT=False):
    b = a-a.min(0)
    d = pdist(b).min()
    c = np.round(2*b/d).astype(int)

    img = np.zeros(c.max(0)[::-1]+1, dtype=np.uint8)

    d1,d2 = cKDTree(c).query(c,k=3)
    b = c[d2]
    p1,p2,p3 = b[:,0],b[:,1],b[:,2]
    for i in range(len(b)):    
        cv2.line(img,tuple(p1[i]),tuple(p2[i]),255,1)
        cv2.line(img,tuple(p1[i]),tuple(p3[i]),255,1)

    img = (binary_fill_holes(img==255)*255).astype(np.uint8)   
    if int(cv2.__version__.split('.')[0])>=3:
        _,contours,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img.copy(),cv2.RETR_TREE,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
    else:
        contours,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img.copy(),cv2.RETR_TREE,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)

    cont = contours[0][:,0]        
    f1,f2 = cKDTree(cont).query(c,k=1)
    ordered_points = a[f2.argsort()[::-1]]

    if DEBUG_PLOT==1:
        NPOINTS = len(ordered_points)
        for i in range(NPOINTS):
            plt.plot(ordered_points[i:i+2,0],ordered_points[i:i+2,1],alpha=float(i)/(NPOINTS-1),color='k')
        plt.show()
    return ordered_points

字符串
样品运行-

# Load data in a 2D array with 2 columns
a = np.loadtxt('random_shape.csv',delimiter='  ')
ordered_a = counter_clockwise_order(a, DEBUG_PLOT=1)


输出-
x1c 0d1x的数据

7eumitmz

7eumitmz8#

有点晚的游戏,但我有一个类似的问题,不能使用质心的概念,由于大量的悬垂/削弱的数据。与Divakar的答案类似,我使用点之间的间距来进行排序,但只使用Pandas。这个想法是计算一个点和所有其他数据点之间的距离。具有最短距离的数据点将被认为是下一个邻居。
实现如下所示:

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

df = pd.read_csv('data.csv', headers=None)

#  Creating blank lists for XY data
x = []
y = []

# Creating list with first entry being the desired starting point
l=[[df.iloc[0][0],df.iloc[1][0]]]

# Creating dataframe that does not contain the starting point
df2=df.iloc[1:]

# Iterating through each data point
for i in l:
    # Once the list reaches the same length as the original dataframe the
    # process has examined all data points and breaks
    if len(l) == len(df):
        break

    else:
        # Calculating the distance to each point
        d = np.sqrt((df2[0]-i[0])**2+(df2[1]-i[1])**2)
    
        # Removing any duplicates to the current point
        dd = d[d!=0]
    
        # Setting a minimum distance threshold for the points,
        # helps to deal with noisy data and should be adjusted to your data
        if d.min()<5:        
        
            # Adding the sorted X & Y data to lists for easy plotting
            x.append(df2.loc[dd.idxmin()][0])
            y.append(df2.loc[dd.idxmin()][1])
       
            # Adding the next data point for analysis to the list
            l.append([df2.loc[dd.idxmin()][0],df2.loc[dd.idxmin()][1]])
        
            # Removing the current datapoint from the dataframe to prevent
            # multiple analysis
            df2=df2.drop(index=dd.idxmin())

# plotting the sorted data
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.scatter(x,y,c='r')

字符串
绘制原始数据如下所示:Raw Data
排序后的数据现在看起来像这样:Sorted Data
我发现这个方法对于界面的图像非常有用,这些界面可能有很多重叠的特征,比如下面的波浪图像:
Wave Image
当使用ImageJ等程序将其转换为XY坐标时,绘制的数据如下所示:
Raw Wave XY Data
使用此方法可以成功地对数据进行排序,因此您可以得到以下内容:
Sorted Wave XY Data

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