当尝试运行pytest-django时,“应用程序尚未加载”

ahy6op9u  于 2023-08-08  发布在  Go
关注(0)|答案(8)|浏览(108)

Django tutorial中的(部分)投票应用程序为例,我试图让pytest-django运行。
使用命令django-admin startproject mysite2,我创建了一个具有以下结构的项目目录:

.
├── db.sqlite3
├── manage.py
├── mysite2
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── polls
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   ├── 0001_initial.py
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── views.py
└── pytest.ini

字符串
我的pytest.ini看起来像

[pytest]
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE = mysite2.settings
python_files = tests.py test_*.py *_tests.py


按照教程,在polls/models.py中,我创建了QuestionChoice模型:

import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text

    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text


现在,如果我按照教程中的描述创建tests.py,它基于Python的内置unittest模块,

import datetime

from django.utils import timezone
from django.test import TestCase

from .models import Question

class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):
    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
        time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
        future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)


我从命令行运行python manage.py test,测试失败:

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_was_published_recently_with_future_question (polls.tests.QuestionModelTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/Documents/Scratch/mysite2/polls/tests.py", line 23, in test_was_published_recently_with_future_question
    self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
AssertionError: True is not False

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

FAILED (failures=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...


但是,如果我将测试代码更改为(尝试的)pytest等效代码(即,无需子类TestCase并使用普通Assert):

def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question():
    time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
    future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
    assert future_question.was_published_recently() is False


然后运行pytest命令,得到以下错误:

================================= test session starts ==================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.6.3, pytest-3.2.3, py-1.4.34, pluggy-0.4.0
rootdir: /Users/kurtpeek/Documents/Scratch/mysite2, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: timeout-1.2.1
collected 0 items / 1 errors                                                            

======================================== ERRORS ========================================
___________________________ ERROR collecting polls/tests.py ____________________________
polls/tests.py:10: in <module>
    from .models import Question
polls/models.py:6: in <module>
    class Question(models.Model):
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py:100: in __new__
    app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py:244: in get_containing_app_config
    self.check_apps_ready()
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py:127: in check_apps_ready
    raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
E   django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 errors during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
=============================== 1 error in 0.64 seconds ================================


到目前为止,我还没有找到解决这个问题的方法。有什么办法让测试进行吗?

7gyucuyw

7gyucuyw1#

开箱即用,即使安装了pytest-djangopytest也不知道Django数据库。但永远不要害怕:pytest-django使您的测试可以使用其django_db pytest标记轻松访问Django数据库。
给予这个:

import pytest

@pytest.mark.django_db
def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question():
    time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
    future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
    assert future_question.was_published_recently() is False

字符串

8fq7wneg

8fq7wneg2#

我在调用pytestpython setup.py test的测试时遇到了类似的问题。
对于pytest调用,在我的虚拟环境中安装pytest-django解决了这个问题。
对于python setup.py install,将pytest-django添加到setup()tests_require参数中解决了这个问题。
下面是setup.py的片段:

TEST_REQUIREMENTS = [
    'pytest',
    'pytest-django',
    'pylint',
    'pylint_django',
    'git-pylint-commit-hook',
]

setup(
    name='foo',
    version='0.0.1',
    description='Foo package',
    author='...',
    author_email='...',
    packages=['foo'],
    install_requires=INSTALL_REQUIREMENTS,
    setup_requires=SETUP_REQUIREMENTS,
    tests_require=TEST_REQUIREMENTS,
)

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os8fio9y

os8fio9y3#

根据Django: AppRegistryNotReady(),当不使用manage.py时,必须显式调用django.setup()。我通过从manage.py shell运行pytest测试来验证这一点:

Kurts-MacBook-Pro:mysite2 kurtpeek$ python3 manage.py shell
Python 3.6.3 (v3.6.3:2c5fed86e0, Oct  3 2017, 00:32:08) 
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 6.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.

In [1]: import pytest

In [2]: pytest.main('polls/tests.py')
================================= test session starts ==================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.6.3, pytest-3.2.3, py-1.4.34, pluggy-0.4.0
rootdir: /Users/kurtpeek/Documents/Scratch/mysite2, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: timeout-1.2.1
collected 1 item                                                                        

polls/tests.py F

======================================= FAILURES =======================================
___________________ test_was_published_recently_with_future_question ___________________

    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question():
        time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
        future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
>       assert future_question.was_published_recently() is False
E    assert True is False
E     +  where True = <bound method Question.was_published_recently of <Question: >>()
E     +    where <bound method Question.was_published_recently of <Question: >> = <Question: >.was_published_recently

polls/tests.py:18: AssertionError
=================================== warnings summary ===================================
None
  passing a string to pytest.main() is deprecated, pass a list of arguments instead.

-- Docs: http://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/warnings.html
========================= 1 failed, 1 warnings in 0.14 seconds =========================
Out[2]: 1

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然而,这并不是一个真正可接受的解决方案,因为测试需要从命令行运行。是否有其他pytest装饰器来确保所需的设置?

gz5pxeao

gz5pxeao4#

对我来说,将DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE设置为命令行或pytest.ini中的导出解决了这个问题。它似乎忽略了www.example.com中的env变量的导出conftest.py,如果我弄清楚了,我会更新这篇文章。

zhte4eai

zhte4eai5#

文档中有没有说测试应该在没有子类化django.test.TestCase的情况下工作?我不认为django-pytest在加载django应用程序方面有什么特别的功能。因此,如果您的类继续从TestCase继承,您应该能够使用pytest的其他所有内容,例如Assert、fixture等。

vlju58qv

vlju58qv6#

只要在现有的pytest之外再安装pytest-django,错误也消失了:D

8fsztsew

8fsztsew7#

对我来说,问题是我忘记添加pytest.ini来将pytest链接到我的项目设置-请参阅docs

# -- FILE: pytest.ini (or tox.ini)
[pytest]
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE = test.settings
# -- recommended but optional:
python_files = tests.py test_*.py *_tests.py

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azpvetkf

azpvetkf8#

当尝试在不启动django的情况下运行pytest时,您可能会遇到这种问题。
为了解决Apps aren't loaded yet错误,我做了以下更改:
1.创建test_settings.py文件:我在Django应用程序的config目录中创建了一个名为test_settings.py的新文件,它的内容与我的settings.py中的内容相同。
1.导入django模块,并在其他模块导入和启动配置后在test_settings.py中添加django.setup()
这允许我在运行测试之前初始化Django应用程序注册表和其他必要的组件。
下面是test_settings.py文件的外观:

# test_settings.py

import django
... (other module imports and configurations)
django.setup()

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通过添加这两行,Apps aren't loaded yet错误得到了解决,我可以使用pytest运行测试,没有任何问题。
以下是我的项目结构:

.
├── Dockerfile
├── app
│   ├── config
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── asgi.py
│   │   ├── celery.py
│   │   ├── celery_beat_schedules.py
│   │   ├── settings.py
│   │   ├── test_settings.py
│   │   ├── urls.py
│   │   └── wsgi.py
│   ├── core
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── admin.py
│   │   ├── apps.py
│   │   ├── constants.py
│   │   ├── decorators.py
│   │   ├── enums.py
│   │   ├── management
│   │   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   │   └── commands
│   │   │       ├── __init__.py
│   │   │       └── wait_for_db.py
│   │   ├── models.py
│   │   ├── services.py
│   │   ├── tests
│   │   │   ├── factories.py
│   │   │   ├── models
│   │   │   │   └── test_kr.py
│   │   │   └── views
│   │   │       └── test_search_member.py
│   │   ├── urls.py
│   │   └── views.py
│   ├── manage.py
│   ├── pytest.ini


附加说明:确保您安装了pytestpytest-django软件包非常重要。

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