您可以使用StringIO在内存中写入工作簿：

import StringIO
f = StringIO.StringIO() # create a file-like object 
book = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = book.add_sheet("XYZ")
book.save(f)

message = EmailMessage(subject="Subject", body="body",
         from_email="random@gmail.com", 
         to=email_list)
message.attach('filename.xlsx', f.getvalue(), "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet") #get the stream and set the correct mimetype
message.send()

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取自xlwt write excel sheet on the fly

StringIO不适用于我（Python 3.9.17和Django 3.2.13），我不得不使用BytesIO：

import io
from django.core.mail import EmailMessage

mail = EmailMessage(subject="my test mail",
                    to=['you@example.com'],
                    body="this is my message")

wb = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
ws = wb.add_sheet('TEST')
# add stuff to worksheet...

with io.BytesIO() as xls:
    wb.save(xls)
    mail.attach(filename="test-attach.xls", 
                content=xls.getvalue(), 
                mimetype="application/ms-excel")

mail.send(fail_silently=False)

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