您可以使用LAST_DAY()函数，该函数将返回您提供的月份的最后一天。
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/functions072.htm

你可以使用LAST_DAY函数：

SELECT date,
       value
FROM table
WHERE date = LAST_DAY(date)

您可以用途：

SELECT LAST_DAY(TRUNC(date_column, 'MM'))   AS last_day_of_month,
       MAX(date_column)                     AS last_day_of_month_in_table,
       SUM(value)                           AS total_for_entire_month,
       SUM(value) KEEP (
         DENSE_RANK LAST
         ORDER BY TRUNC(date_column)
       )                                    AS total_for_last_day_in_table_of_month,
       SUM(
         CASE
         WHEN TRUNC(date_column) = LAST_DAY(TRUNC(date_column))
         THEN value
         END
       )                                    AS total_for_only_last_day_of_month
FROM   table_name
GROUP BY TRUNC(date_column, 'MM')

其中，对于样本数据：

CREATE TABLE table_name (date_column, value) AS
  SELECT DATE '2023-01-01',   45 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-01-02',  282 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-01-31',  887 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-02-01',    1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-02-20',    2 FROM DUAL;

输出：
| 月最后一天|表格中的最后一天|整月总计|月表中最后一天的总计|仅上个月最后一天总计|
| --|--|--|--|--|
| 2023-01-31 00：00：00| 2023-01-31 00：00：00| 1214 | 887 | 887 |
| 2023-02-28 00：00：00| 2019 -02-20 00：00：00| 3 | 2 |* 空 *|
fiddle

您可以使用MAX OVER来获取表中一个月的最后日期。然后仅选择日期与月份的最后日期匹配的行。

select date, value
from
(
  select
    date,
    value,
    max(date) over (partition by trunc(date, 'mm')) as last_date
  from mytable
)
where date = last_date
order by date;

或者用传统的方式：

select *
from mytable
where date in 
(
  select max(date)
  from mytable
  group by trunc(date, 'mm')
)
order by date;