正如在对您的问题的评论中提到的，很难帮助您，因为我们没有任何样本数据来运行上述过程，所以我们不能说为什么它不像您期望的那样工作。也许问题出在其他地方，在它所要求的程序中？
但是，您可以使调试过程更加容易（也许同时还可以提高性能！），方法是将循环内的select语句合并到游标中。这样，您就可以单独运行查询（适当地修改季节细节），以查看该过程应该在单个数据集中执行什么操作，而不必逐行调试该过程。
我花时间重写了你的程序，虽然它显然是未经测试的！它应该给给予你一个如何继续的想法：

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE admin.sp_league_pool_users_master AS
  v_season_number_derived NUMBER;
BEGIN
  -- Derive the Season Number
  admin.sp_deriveseasonnumber(v_season_number_derived);
  -- Scan the LEAGUE_POOL table
  FOR r IN (WITH country_codes AS (SELECT 1 qry_num, 'Rest of Africa' league_country, 'BJ' alpha2code_derived FROM dual UNION ALL
                                   SELECT 1 qry_num, 'Rest of Asia and Oceania' league_country, 'AF' alpha2code_derived FROM dual UNION ALL
                                   SELECT 1 qry_num, 'Rest of North America' league_country, 'AG' alpha2code_derived FROM dual UNION ALL
                                   SELECT 1 qry_num, 'Rest of South America' league_country, 'FK' alpha2code_derived FROM dual
                                   UNION ALL
                                   SELECT 2 qry_num, league_country, alpha2code
                                   FROM   countries) -- if the first four rows above override rows in the countries table, update the subquery to return the 1st row based on qry_num. Otherwise the qry_num column can be removed from this subquery.
                           lpu AS (SELECT league_pool_id,
                                          season_number,
                                          COUNT(CASE WHEN season_number = v_season_number_derived THEN 1 END) lpu_season_count,
                                          COUNT(CASE WHEN season_number = v_season_number_derived + 1 THEN 1 END) lpu_season_count_plus_1
                                   FROM   league_pool_users
                                   WHERE  season_number IN (v_season_number_derived, v_season_number_derived + 1))
            SELECT lp.league_pool_id,
                   lp.league_country,
                   lp.league_level,
                   cc.alpha2code_derived, -- is this even needed? it doesn't seem to be used in the procedure!
                   lpu.lpu_season_count,
                   lpu.lpu_season_count_plus_1
            FROM   league_pool lp
                   LEFT OUTER JOIN country_codes cc ON lp.league_country = cc.league_country
                   LEFT OUTER JOIN lpu ON lp.league_pool_id = lpu.league_pool_id;)
  LOOP
    -- If the LEAGUE_POOL_ID exists in LEAGUE_POOL_USERS for the derived season but not the following season,
    -- call the appropriate level procedure based on LEAGUE_LEVEL
   IF lpu_season_count > 0 AND lpu_season_count_plus_1 = 0
   THEN
     
     CASE r.league_level
          WHEN 1 THEN
            admin.sp_handleleaguelevel1(v_season_number_derived, r.league_country);
          WHEN 2 THEN
            admin.sp_handleleaguelevel2(v_season_number_derived, r.league_country);
          WHEN 3 THEN
            admin.sp_handleleaguelevel3(v_season_number_derived, r.league_country);
          WHEN 4 THEN
            admin.sp_handleleaguelevel4(v_season_number_derived, r.league_country);
       END CASE;
    
    -- Otherwise, If the LEAGUE_POOL_ID doesn't exist in LEAGUE_POOL_USERS, call the insert procedure
    ELSIF lpu_season_count = 0
    THEN
    admin.sp_insertleaguepoolusers(v_season_number_derived, r.league_country, r,league_level, r.league_pool_id);
    END IF;
  END LOOP;
  
/*EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    dbms_output.put_line('An error occurred in sp_league_pool_users_master: ' || SQLERRM);*/
END sp_league_pool_users_master;
/

注意：是否需要围绕alpha2code_derived国家代码的逻辑？在你的手术中似乎没有用到它！