在我看来，table不应该是这样的。你会以表格的形式呈现给用户，因为它更容易阅读，但是-要将数据存储到表中，我建议这样做：

create table statistic
  (statistic_id number primary key,
   customer_id  number    constraint fk_st_cust references customer,
   article      varchar2(20),
   year         number(4),
   month        number(2) constraint ch_st_mon check (month between 1 and 12),
   amount       number
  );

我不知道值实际上代表什么（article应该是另一个表的外键吗？什么是amount？），也不知道应该对其应用哪些约束（例如，2854年是否有效？金额可以是负数吗？）。每个月/年/客户可以有多少行？
视图将是

create or replace view v_statistic as
  select c.customer_name, 
         s.year, 
         s.article,
         sum(case when month =  1 then s.amount else 0 end) january,
         sum(case when month =  2 then s.amount else 0 end) february,
         ...
         sum(case when month = 12 then s.amount else 0 end) december
  from statistic s join customer c on c.customer_id = s.customer_id
  group by c.customer_name, s.year, s.article

这可能需要根据实际数据和需求进行修改，但-很快-这就是我要做的。

您可以在ROLLUP中使用条件聚合：

CREATE VIEW table_name_statistics (year, username, type, jan, feb, mar) AS
SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM datetime) AS year,
       username,
       CASE
       WHEN GROUPING_ID(type) = 1
       THEN 'sum'
       ELSE type
       END AS type,
       COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN EXTRACT(MONTH FROM datetime) = 1 THEN 1 END), 0) AS jan,
       COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN EXTRACT(MONTH FROM datetime) = 2 THEN 1 END), 0) AS feb,
       COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN EXTRACT(MONTH FROM datetime) = 3 THEN 1 END), 0) AS mar
FROM   table_name t
GROUP BY
       EXTRACT(YEAR FROM datetime),
       username,
       ROLLUP(type)
ORDER BY
       year,
       username,
       t.type NULLS LAST

其中，对于样本数据：

CREATE TABLE table_name (datetime, username, type) AS
  SELECT DATE '2023-01-01', 'Customer1', 'Article1' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-02-01', 'Customer1', 'Article1' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-03-01', 'Customer1', 'Article1' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-01-01', 'Customer1', 'Article2' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-02-01', 'Customer1', 'Article2' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-03-01', 'Customer1', 'Article2' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-01-01', 'Customer2', 'Article1' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-02-01', 'Customer2', 'Article1' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-03-01', 'Customer2', 'Article1' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-01-01', 'Customer2', 'Article2' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT DATE '2023-03-01', 'Customer2', 'Article2' FROM DUAL;

然后视图输出：
| 年|用户名|类型|Jan| Feb| Mar|
| --|--|--|--|--|--|
| 2023 |Customer1|第一条| 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2023 |Customer1| Article2| 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2023 |Customer1|总和| 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 2023 |客户2|第一条| 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2023 |客户2| Article2| 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2023 |客户2|总和| 2 | 1 | 2 |
fiddle