这里有一个解决方案，它使用CSS将复选框的图像添加到输入的父级。在这个例子中，只有一个被禁用的复选框被样式化，并且可以完全自定义。

/* add custom checkbox to container with disabled checked checkbox */
.checkbox-container:has(> input:disabled:checked)::after {
    width: 10px;
    height: 10px;
    font-size: 9px;
    background: green;
    display: inline-block;
    border: 1px solid #000000;
    border-radius: 3px;
    color: white;
    position: relative;
    content: "✔";
    text-align: center;
    float: left;
    margin: 3px 4px 0 5px;
}

/* remove display of default disabled checked checkbox */
.checkbox-container input:disabled:checked {
    display: none
}

With new styling:

<div class="checkbox-container">
  <input type="checkbox" id="cb-enabled-1"  checked="checked"/><label for="cb-enabled-1">Enabled Checkbox</label>
</div>
<div class="checkbox-container">  
  <input type="checkbox" id="cb-disabled-unchecked-1" disabled="disabled" /><label for="cb-disabled-unchecked-1">Disabled Checkbox - Unchecked</label>  
</div>
<div class="checkbox-container">  
  <input type="checkbox" id="cb-disabled-checked-1" checked="checked" disabled="disabled"/><label for="cb-disabled-checked-1">Disabled Checkbox - Checked</label>    
</div>

<br>
Browser Default Styling:
<div>
  <input type="checkbox" id="cb-enabled-2"  checked="checked"/><label for="cb-enabled-2">Enabled Checkbox</label>
</div><div>  
  <input type="checkbox" id="cb-disabled-unchecked-2" disabled="disabled" /><label for="cb-disabled-unchecked-1">Disabled Checkbox - Unchecked</label>  
</div><div>    
  <input type="checkbox" id="cb-disabled-checked-2" checked="checked" disabled="disabled" /><label for="cb-disabled-checked-2">Disabled Checkbox - Checked</label>    
</div>