在Sping Boot 单元测试中,如何模拟@ConstructorBinding @ PractitionProperties数据类?
设置
- 两
- Kotlin1.4.30(用于单元测试和配置类)
- Java 15(带--enable-preview)(用于业务逻辑)
- Spring Boot 2.4.2
- Junit 5.7.1
- Mockito(mockito-inline)3.7.7
- Maven 3.6.3_1
我想用不同的配置测试FtpService(一个@Service
,它有一个RestTemplate
)。
FtpService的属性来自一个Kotlin数据类- UrlProperties -它用ConstructorBinding
和@ConfigurationProperties
注解。
注意:FtpService的构造函数从UrlProperties中提取属性。这意味着在Spring加载FtpService之前,UrlProperties必须被mocked和stubbed
错误
当我尝试模拟UrlProperties以便为不同的测试设置属性时,我要么收到一个错误,要么无法插入bean
Cannot bind @ConfigurationProperties for bean 'urlProperties'. Ensure that @ConstructorBinding has not been applied to regular bean
代码
FtpService的@SpringBootTest
|src/test/Kotlin/com/example/FtpServiceTest.kt
import com.example.service.FtpService
import com.example.service.UrlProperties
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.mockito.Mockito.`when`
import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.AutoConfigureWebClient
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.TestConfiguration
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration
@TestConfiguration
@SpringBootTest(classes = [FtpService::class])
@AutoConfigureWebClient(registerRestTemplate = true)
class FtpServiceTest
@Autowired constructor(
private val ftpService: FtpService
) {
// MockBean inserted into Spring Context too late,
// FtpService constructor throws NPE
// @MockBean
// lateinit var urlProperties: UrlProperties
@ContextConfiguration
class MyTestContext {
// error -
// > Cannot bind @ConfigurationProperties for bean 'urlProperties'.
// > Ensure that @ConstructorBinding has not been applied to regular bean
var urlProperties: UrlProperties = mock(UrlProperties::class.java)
@Bean
fun urlProperties() = urlProperties
// error -
// > Cannot bind @ConfigurationProperties for bean 'urlProperties'.
// > Ensure that @ConstructorBinding has not been applied to regular bean
// @Bean
// fun urlProperties(): UrlProperties {
// return UrlProperties(
// UrlProperties.FtpProperties(
// url = "ftp://localhost:21"
// ))
// }
}
@Test
fun `test fetch file root`() {
`when`(MyTestContext().urlProperties.ftp)
.thenReturn(UrlProperties.FtpProperties(
url = "ftp://localhost:21"
))
assertEquals("I'm fetching a file from ftp://localhost:21!",
ftpService.fetchFile())
}
@Test
fun `test fetch file folder`() {
`when`(MyTestContext().urlProperties.ftp)
.thenReturn(UrlProperties.FtpProperties(
url = "ftp://localhost:21/user/folder"
))
assertEquals("I'm fetching a file from ftp://localhost:21/user/folder!",
ftpService.fetchFile())
}
}
解决方法-每次测试手动定义
唯一的“变通方法”是手动定义所有bean(这意味着我在测试期间错过了Sping Boot 的魔力),在我看来这更令人困惑。
解决方法-手动重新定义每个测试|src/test/Kotlin/com/example/FtpServiceTest2.kt
import com.example.service.FtpService
import com.example.service.UrlProperties
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.mockito.Mockito
import org.mockito.Mockito.`when`
import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder
class FtpServiceTest2 {
private val restTemplate =
RestTemplateBuilder()
.build()
private lateinit var ftpService: FtpService
private lateinit var urlProperties: UrlProperties
@BeforeEach
fun beforeEachTest() {
urlProperties = mock(UrlProperties::class.java)
`when`(urlProperties.ftp)
.thenReturn(UrlProperties.FtpProperties(
url = "default"
))
ftpService = FtpService(restTemplate, urlProperties)
}
/** this is the only test that allows me to redefine 'url' */
@Test
fun `test fetch file folder - redefine`() {
urlProperties = mock(UrlProperties::class.java)
`when`(urlProperties.ftp)
.thenReturn(UrlProperties.FtpProperties(
url = "ftp://localhost:21/redefine"
))
// redefine the service
ftpService = FtpService(restTemplate, urlProperties)
assertEquals("I'm fetching a file from ftp://localhost:21/redefine!",
ftpService.fetchFile())
}
@Test
fun `test default`() {
assertEquals("I'm fetching a file from default!",
ftpService.fetchFile())
}
@Test
fun `test fetch file root`() {
`when`(urlProperties.ftp)
.thenReturn(UrlProperties.FtpProperties(
url = "ftp://localhost:21"
))
assertEquals("I'm fetching a file from ftp://localhost:21!",
ftpService.fetchFile())
}
@Test
fun `test fetch file folder`() {
doReturn(
UrlProperties.FtpProperties(
url = "ftp://localhost:21/user/folder"
)).`when`(urlProperties).ftp
assertEquals("I'm fetching a file from ftp://localhost:21/user/folder!",
ftpService.fetchFile())
}
@Test
fun `test fetch file folder - reset`() {
Mockito.reset(urlProperties)
`when`(urlProperties.ftp)
.thenReturn(UrlProperties.FtpProperties(
url = "ftp://localhost:21/mockito/reset/when"
))
assertEquals("I'm fetching a file from ftp://localhost:21/mockito/reset/when!",
ftpService.fetchFile())
}
@Test
fun `test fetch file folder - reset & doReturn`() {
Mockito.reset(urlProperties)
doReturn(
UrlProperties.FtpProperties(
url = "ftp://localhost:21/reset/doReturn"
)).`when`(urlProperties).ftp
assertEquals("I'm fetching a file from ftp://localhost:21/reset/doReturn!",
ftpService.fetchFile())
}
}
Spring应用程序|src/main/Kotlin/com/example/MyApp.kt
package com.example
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesScan
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties
import org.springframework.boot.runApplication
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@ConfigurationPropertiesScan
class MyApp
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
runApplication<MyApp>(*args)
}
示例@服务|src/main/Kotlin/com/example/service/FtpService.kt
package com.example.service
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate
@Service
class FtpService(
val restTemplate: RestTemplate,
urlProperties: UrlProperties,
val ftpProperties: UrlProperties.FtpProperties = urlProperties.ftp
) {
fun fetchFile(): String {
println(restTemplate)
return "I'm fetching a file from ${ftpProperties.url}!"
}
}
使用@ConstructorBinding的@ constructionProperties- src/main/Kotlin/com/example/service/UrlProperties.kt
package com.example.service
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConstructorBinding
@ConstructorBinding
@ConfigurationProperties("url")
data class UrlProperties(val ftp: FtpProperties) {
data class FtpProperties(
val url: String,
)
}
1条答案
按热度按时间cgvd09ve1#
选项一
您可以使用
@TestPropertySource
注解提供自定义配置,并提供不同的配置。通过在@SpringBootTest
注解中提供属性可以实现类似的结果。这样就不会创建自定义URL属性bean。标签:https://www.baeldung.com/spring-tests-override-properties
这种方法可能代价很高,因为您的Spring上下文将为每个具有此annotation +以下测试的测试类重新构建,这可能会给您的整体测试运行时间增加几秒钟。
选项二
您可以使用
@MockkBean
(来自https://github.com/Ninja-Squad/springmockk)模拟您的配置bean并指定返回值。这与您的解决方法不同,因为您仍然有一个完整的Spring上下文和一个mock。范例:
在spring中使用mock也会对性能产生影响,但这个影响要小于选项1中的影响。
选项三
由于您只是测试FTP服务本身,因此您也可以在Spring测试中再次示例化。因此,对于您的测试,您创建了一个使用所有bean+您的自定义属性的专用示例。
范例:
这将是最快的方法-与Spring测试切片相结合,您可能会加快速度。但它不会测试实际的有线服务。
备选
我不确定它是否适用于您的用例:您还可以模拟您的FTP服务器(有一些现成的可用),并在每次测试运行期间提供不同的响应。这将允许您测试由spring构建的bean,并且您可能能够绕过spring上下文重建,因此具有相当快的测试。