您可以在第一个循环之外定义标签及其格式的 mapper，然后定义get_xticklabels到set_backgroundcolor和set_fontsize：

d = {
    "350": {
        "bg_color": "red", "font_size": 25
    },
    # add more mappings if needed
}

# rest of the code
    for p in ax.patches:
        # rest of the code
        
    for t in ax.get_xticklabels():
        if (xtl:=t.get_text()) in d :
            t.set_backgroundcolor(d[xtl]["bg_color"])
            t.set_fontsize(d[xtl]["font_size"])

# rest of the code

输出量：

*完整代码（ 由OP询问 *）**：

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

data = {'PEOI': [190, 105, 100, 150, 100, 170], 'PCHOI': [11, 6, 3, 16, 21, 8], 'STKS': [200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450], 'CCHOI': [3, 8, 13, 18, 3, 23], 'CEOI': [154, 190, 578, 611, 736, 420]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

d = {
    "350": {
        "bg_color": "red", "font_size": 25
    },
    # add more mappings if needed
}

plt.style.use("dark_background")

fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(17,15))

for (y1, y2), ax in zip([("CEOI", "PEOI"), ("CCHOI", "PCHOI")], axes):
    ax.bar(df["STKS"], df[y1], width=13, label=y1,color = 'blue')
    ax.bar(df["STKS"], df[y2], width=7, label=y2,color = 'yellow')
    ax.set_xlabel("STRIKES", fontsize=24, fontweight="bold", labelpad=10, color ='cyan')
    ax.set_ylabel("OPEN INTEREST", fontweight="bold", fontsize=24, labelpad=10)
    ax.set_xticks(df["STKS"].values)
    ax.tick_params(labelsize=20)
    ax.tick_params(axis="x", rotation=90)
    ax.legend(fontsize=18)

    if y1 == "CEOI":
        ax.set_title("OPEN INTEREST",fontsize=26,fontweight="bold", loc="left", color ='yellow')
    elif y1 == "CCHOI":
        ax.set_title("CHANGE IN OPEN INTEREST",fontsize=24,fontweight="bold", loc="left", color ='yellow')
        ax.grid(axis="y", linestyle=(0, (15, 8)), alpha=0.4) and ax.set_axisbelow(True)
    
    for p in ax.patches:
        ax.annotate(format(p.get_height(), '.0f'),
                    (p.get_x() + p.get_width() / 2., p.get_height()),
                    ha='center', va='center',
                    xytext=(1.5, 4),
                    textcoords='offset points',
                    fontsize=16, fontweight="bold")

    for t in ax.get_xticklabels():
        if (xtl:=t.get_text()) in d :
            t.set_backgroundcolor(d[xtl]["bg_color"])
            t.set_fontsize(d[xtl]["font_size"])
            
fig.tight_layout()
plt.show(block=True);