使用mplcursors，可以交互式地标记一个区域，并通过注解显示值。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
import mplcursors
import numpy as np
from astropy.convolution import convolve
def show_rect(sel):
    i, j = sel.target.index
    i0 = 0 if i - 2 < 0 else i - 2
    i1 = x.shape[0] - 1 if i + 2 >= x.shape[0] else i + 2
    j0 = 0 if j - 2 < 0 else j - 2
    j1 = x.shape[1] - 1 if j + 2 >= x.shape[1] else j + 2
    annotation_text = f'{i},{j}: {x[sel.target.index]}\n5x5 average: {y[sel.target.index]:.2f}'
    sel.annotation.set_text(annotation_text)
    sel.annotation.get_bbox_patch().set(fc='gold', alpha=0.7)
    rect = Rectangle((j0 - 0.5, i0 - 0.5), j1 - j0 + 1, i1 - i0 + 1,
                     linewidth=3, color='lime', alpha=0.3, clip_on=False)
    ax.add_artist(rect)
    sel.extras.append(rect)
x = np.random.randint(10, size=(10, 15))
y = convolve(x, np.ones((5, 5)), boundary='extend', preserve_nan=True)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 3))
img = ax.imshow(x, cmap='coolwarm', aspect='auto', alpha=0.8)
ax.set_xticks(range(x.shape[1]))
ax.set_yticks(range(x.shape[0]))
fig.colorbar(img, ticks=range(10), ax=ax)
for i in range(x.shape[0]):
    for j in range(x.shape[1]):
        ax.text(j, i, x[i, j], ha='center', va='center')
cursor = mplcursors.cursor(img, hover=True)
cursor.connect('add', show_rect)
plt.show()

要创建x与y的线性图，您可以使用np.ravel()将它们转换为1D：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from astropy.convolution import convolve
x = np.random.randint(10, size=(10, 10))
y = convolve(x, np.ones((5, 5)), boundary='extend', preserve_nan=True)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 3))
ax.plot(np.arange(x.size), x.ravel(), color='dodgerblue', label='input values')
ax.plot(np.arange(x.size), y.ravel(), color='crimson', label='convolution')
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(x.size))
ax.set_xticklabels([f'[{i},{j}]' for i in range(x.shape[0]) for j in range(x.shape[1])], rotation=90, size=8)
ax.margins(x=0.02)
ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=[1.02, 1.02], loc='upper left')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()